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B3 > Plants, Water and Nutrients > Flashcards

Plants, Water and Nutrients Flashcards

1
Q

Equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen

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2
Q

What does turgid mean?

A

Full of water

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3
Q

What happens when plant cells are turgid?

A

Vacuole and cytoplasm inside cell push against cell wall making the cells rigid so the plant can hold itself upright

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4
Q

What is it called when plant cells lose their water?

A

Plasmolysed

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5
Q

What happens when plant cells become plasmolysed?

A

Cell contents don’t push against call wall so cell loses rigidity meaning plant can’t hold itself upright and so it wilts

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6
Q

What two tubes does a plant have for transport?

A

Xylem and Phloem

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7
Q

What do xylem do?

A

Carry water/minerals up the roots to leaves

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8
Q

What do phloem do?

A

Carry sucrose (sugar) down the leaves to the roots and up the roots to the leaves

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9
Q

What are xylem made of?

A

Dead cells

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10
Q

What are phloem made of?

A

Living cells

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11
Q

How do plant roots absorb water?

A

Osmosis

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12
Q

How do plant roots absorb minerals?

A

Active transport

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13
Q

What is the name for when water evaporates from leaves?

A

Transpiration

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14
Q

What is transpiration and why does it happen?

A
  • Water is lost from leaves due to evaporation
  • Lose water because of:
    ·Temperature
    ·Surface area
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15
Q

Conditions needed for highest rate of transpiration?

A

·Windy
·High temperature (more kinetic energy)
·Dry air/low humidity
·Sunny/light intensity (plant photosynthesising, stomata open to allow CO2 in so easier for water to evaporate)

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16
Q

What would you use to measure uptake of water?

A

Potometer

17
Q

Leaf structure

A

-Cuticle: waxy layer, waterproof, reduce water loss (stops water evaporating)
-Upper epidermis: few chloroplasts, allows maximum amount of light to get to layers for photosynthesis, protection
-Palisade layer: many chloroplasts, most photosynthesis here
-Spongy layer: gaps between cells, gas exchange, some photosynthesis
-Veins=
·Xylem: brings water and minerals up roots along stem towards leaf
·Phloem: leave leaf carrying sugars made by photosynthesis to parts that don’t photosynthesise
-Stomata: tiny holes in lower epidermis, let in CO2 for photosynthesis, let out oxygen and most of water plants lose from transpiration
-Guard cells: open and close stomata, closed at night to avoid excessive water loss, open in day for CO2

18
Q

What is the name for when a plant is missing required nutrients?

A

Deficiency disease

19
Q

3 main plant nutrients and what they’re needed for

A
  • Nitrate: used to make amino acids to make protein for growth
  • Phosphate: root growth
  • Potassium: fruit flowers
  • Magnesium: used in chlorophyll
20
Q

Description of Stomata

A

Small pores in leaves

21
Q

Description of Phloem

A

Structure which carries food materials

22
Q

Description of Transpiration

A

Evaporation of water from leaves

23
Q

Description of mineral

A

Substance carried in water

24
Q

Description of root hairs

A

Structure which takes in water from soil

25
Q

2 functions of water in plant

A
  • Photosynthesis

- To get minerals

26
Q

Feature root hairs have to help osmosis

A

Thin walls

27
Q

How can a Potometer be used to measure rate of water uptake by plant?

A

As water is taken in by plant, air bubble moves

28
Q

Function of cuticle

A

Keep water in/out

29
Q

Function of palisade layer

A

Photosynthesis

30
Q

Function of spongy layer

A

For gas exchange

31
Q

Function of guard cells

A

Open and close stomata

32
Q

How would you investigate effect of moving air on the rate of water loss from a plant using Potometer? (QWC)

A
  • Air bubble introduced at tap
  • When bubble reaches start/zero of scale, start stopwatch
  • Once the bubble reaches a set distance, stop stopwatch
  • Record results
  • Repeat using a fan directed at plant
  • Repeat experiment for both conditions
  • Compare results, fan result should be faster as wind causes evaporation of water to increase from leaves
33
Q

Why is there a tap on Potometer?

A

To add water to move air bubble back to start of scale for when the experiment is repeated

34
Q

When should you cut the roots of the plant when using Potometer and why?

A

Underwater

Otherwise oxygen bubble introduced which travels up plant and stops water being taken in

B3 (5 decks)

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