role of the kidneys in acid base balance

Question 1

in venous blood slightly lower than arterial blood

Answer 1

ph of the blood

Question 2

in normal condition the metabolites formed in the body are mostly

Answer 2

acids

Question 3

CO2 formed by metabolism in tissues is hydrated to

Answer 3

H2CO3 ( carbonic acid )

Question 4

metabolism of sulfur-containing amino acids produces

Answer 4

H2SO4 ( sulphuric acid )

Question 5

metabolism of phosphorylated amino acids produces

Answer 5

H3PO4+ ( phosphoric acid )

Question 6

most of CO2 is excreted in the lungs the remaining hydrogen ions is excreted by the

Answer 6

kidneys

Question 7

role of kidneys in acid base balance include

Answer 7

• reabsorption of the filtered bicarbonate ( HCO3 )
• formation of new HCO3
• excretion of the hydrogen ion ( H+ )

Question 8

in normal condition and acidosis

Answer 8

all HCO3 is reabsorbed and acidic urine is voided

Question 9

in alkalosis excess

Answer 9

HCO3 is excreted and alkaline urine is voided

Question 10

H+ is secreted allover the renal tubules except the

Answer 10

descending limb of loop of henle

Question 11

in the proximal tubules reaction that primarily responsible for H+ secretion

Answer 11

is Na+-H+ exchange { secondary active transport}

sodium–hydrogen antiporter or sodium–proton exchanger

Question 12

mechanism of sodium–hydrogen antiporter

Answer 12

for each H+ secreted, one Na+ and one HCO3 enter the interstitial fluid

Question 13

in the distal tubules and collecting ducts most H+ is secreted by

Answer 13

an ATP-driven proton pump

Question 14

part of the renal tubule secrete acid

Answer 14

i cells

Question 15

in the proximal tubule most of the secreted H+ reacts with

Answer 15

HCO3- to form H2CO3

bicarbonate carbonic acid

Question 16

H2CO3 breaks down to form

Answer 16

CO2 and H2O

Question 17

carbonic anhydrase is located in

Answer 17

brush border of the cells in the proximal tubule

Question 18

facilitates the formation of CO2 and H2O in the tubular fluid

Answer 18

carbonic anhydrase

Question 19

CO2 diffusion in renal

Answer 19

readily across the cell membrane enters the tubular cells

Question 20

NH3 ( ammonia ) is synthesised from

Answer 20

glutamine

Question 21

lipid soluble

Answer 21

NH3 ( ammonia )