renal function and renal blood flow

Question 1

types of nephrons include

Answer 1

cortical nephrons are deep in the renal cortex 85 %

juxtamedullary nephrons lie in the renal cortex close to the renal medulla 15%

Question 2

bowman capsule

Answer 2

cup-like sac at the beginning of the tubular component of a nephron in the mammalian kidney that performs the first step in the filtration of blood to form urine a glomerulus is enclosed in the sac

Question 3

have very short loops of Henle do not extended into the medullary tissue

Answer 3

cortical nephrons of bowmans capsule

Question 4

close to the medulla with long loops of Henle

Answer 4

juxtamedullary nephrons of bowman capsule

Question 5

microcirculation of nephrons

Answer 5

blood enter the cortical capsules flow into the capillaries of the proximal convoluted then run along the loop of
Henle and the distal convoluted tubule

Question 6

kidney system receives how much of cardiac out put

Answer 6

25%

Question 7

renal blood flow (RBF) is

Answer 7

1.25 L/min or 1800L/day (1.25x60)x24 hr

Question 8

serve the urinary functions of reabsorption and secretion

Answer 8

nephrons

Question 9

glomerular filtration rate

Answer 9

transport of fluid and crystalloid from glomerular capillaries to Bowman’s space (sieving process)
filtrate is similar to plasma yet does not contain proteins

Question 10

glomerular filtration rate is dependent on

Answer 10

permeability charge and partial size

Question 11

allows free passage of particles less than

Answer 11

< 4nm in diameter

Question 12

prevent passage of particles more than

Answer 12

+ 8nm in diameter

Question 13

between 4-8 nm passage depends on

Answer 13

electrical charge particles can not pass if negatively charge
shape particles can not pass if it irregular in shape

Question 14

daily amounts of GFR

Answer 14

180 L/day
 


Question 15

in the superficial cortical nephrons

Answer 15

peritubular capillaries branch off the efferent arterioles and deliver nutrients to the epithelial cells these capillaries also serve as blood supply for reabsorption and secretion

Question 16

in the juxta-medullary nephrons

Answer 16

the peritubular capillaries have a specialization called the vasa recta, which are long, hairpin-shaped blood vessels that follow the same course as the loops of Henle

Question 17

serve as osmotic exchangers for the production of concentrated urine

Answer 17

vasa recta

Question 18

increased sympathetic nerve activity causes a decrease in both

Answer 18

RBF and GFR

Question 19

99% of what is filtered will be reabsorbed with water in the

Answer 19

proximal convoluted tubules

Question 20

active transport is usually of

Answer 20

toxins and foreign substances

Question 21

allowed molecules of substance (s) to filtrate up to

Answer 21

60,000 Dal. albumin protein cannot :(

Question 22

gfr measured with

Answer 22

inulin

Question 23

GFR =

Answer 23

U V / P

Question 24

P =
U =
V =

Answer 24

plasma concentration
urine concentration
urine flow per min

Question 25

hydrostatic pressure of glomerular capillaries

Answer 25

for filtration 45 - 60 mg

Question 26

osmotic pressure of plasma proteins (mainly albumin)

Answer 26

20-25 mmHg at the afferent arteriolar

Question 27

which has higher pressure efferent or afferent

Answer 27

efferent systemic

Question 28

capillary blood pressure

Answer 28

60 mgHg going out

Question 29

colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 29

32 mgHg going in

Question 30

capsular pressure

Answer 30

18 mgHg going in

Question 31

net filtration equals

Answer 31

capillary blood pressure going in

• colloid osmotic pressure
• capsular pressure