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5th OD - Oral Cancer > Role of Oncologist H&N > Flashcards

Role of Oncologist H&N Flashcards

1
Q

What does H&N cancer involve?

A

Any structures above clavicle not including brain

Oral cavity, nasophayrnx, oraphayrnx, larynx, hypophyarnyx, sinuses

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2
Q

What kinds of cancers do oncologist deal with?

A

Mainly SCC
Salivary gland cancer
Sarcoma
Lymphoma

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3
Q

What are cancers often seen on skin?

A

SSC
BCC
Melanoma
Merkle cell

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4
Q

What investigations are carried out when dx cancer?

A

Clinical exam
Blood test
Biopsy
Imaging: MRI/ CT/ PET scancer

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5
Q

Example of glandular carcinoma

A

Adenocarcinoma

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6
Q

Example of skin/mucous cancer?

A

SCC

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7
Q

Example of connective tissue carcinoma?

A

Sarcoma

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8
Q

What is TNM staging?

A 
T = size of tumour
N = spread to lymph nodes
M = metastasis
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9
Q

H&N cancer management?

A

Multidisiplinary

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10
Q

What is radiotherapy?

A

Use of x-ray (ionising radiation) to tx cancer

Energy is higher than used in diagnostic setting

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11
Q

What unit is radiation measured in?

A

Gray Gy

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12
Q

How does radiotherapy work?

A

Ionising radiation interact with water molecules producing free radicals
Free radicals = DNA damage
Malignant and normal cell affected

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13
Q

What need consider prior radiotherapy?

A

Nutritional requirements - feeding tube

Dental assessment

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14
Q

What is provided/made prior radiotherapy H&N

A

Immobilisation device - minimise movement to ensure accurate/ reproductable tx to reference marks

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15
Q

How is tumour localised?

A

Clinical exam, radiology, knowledge spread of routes, CT

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16
Q

What are critical structures?

A

Spinal cord, brain stem, eyes

17
Q

What are side effects of radiotherapy split into?

A

Early and late affects

18
Q

What are early effects of radiotherapy?

A 
General: nausea, fatigue
Skin: redness, blistering
Mucosa: mucositis, ulceration, altered taste, dysphagia
Sticky, dry saliva 
Hair loss
19
Q

When see late effects of radiotherapy?

A

Months- years post RT

Often irreversible and severe

20
Q

Examples of late effect RT?

A 
Skin - fibrosis, necrosis
Permanent hair loss
Lungs - fibrosis/ breathlessness 
Eyes - reduced vision 
Endocrine = premature menopause, hypothyroidsm, growth hormone defieicnet
Infertility
21
Q

What are risk factors for reoccurance?

A

Involved or close margins
Advanced T stages
Lympovascular invasion
Perineural invasion

22
Q

Can RT be used in palliative care?

A

Yes - relieves symptoms and minimise side effects

Use lower dose

5th OD - Oral Cancer (7 decks)

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