role of institutions, treaties, laws and norms in regulating conflict Flashcards
Achieving worldwide peace & security & protection of human rights is the role of…?
-it is a role of the UN (international organisation)
Who is it that develops good relations between nations & fosters co-operation in solving economic, social, cultural or humanitarian problems (e.g. helped rebuild Europe aftermath WWII)
-the UN (international organisation)
What responsibility does the UN Security Council have within the UN Charter towards regulating conflict?
-it is responsible for maintaining international peace & security
What way of conflict regulation is becoming increasingly important in the 20th century?
-preventative diplomacy & mediation
How is monitoring and observation a good conflict regulator for the UN?
-it enables peacekeeping missions to deploy earlier
How many peacekeeping missions are supported by the legal and political authority (the UN Security Council)?
-the UN Security Council supports 16 peacekeeping missions
How does the UN uphold its international law and how does this help with conflict regulation?
- it carries out its international law through courts, tribunals & multilateral treaties
- this can approve peacekeeping missions, impose sanctions, or authorize the use of force when there is a threat to international peace and security, if it deems necessary
How does the UN aim to improve the life’s of people everywhere so there is less likelihood of conflict?
-by improving people’s well-being through sustaining development, promoting prosperity & economic opportunity as well as protection of environment
Which organisation helps to avoid conflict by fostering economic co-operation and create an understanding that economic trade between member countries enhances their economic independence?
-the EU (European Union)
What are examples of conflict related policies many institutional bodies use to regulate conflict?
- foreign affairs & security
- common security & defense
- European neighborhood
What does the foreign affairs and security policy by institutional bodies of the EU help by doing?
- preserving peace & international security
- promoting international co-operation
- developing or consolidating respect for human rights & fundamental freedoms through rule of law & democracy
What does the common security and defense policy involve?
- joint disarmament operations
- humanitarian & rescue tasks
- military advice/ assistance
- conflict prevention & peacekeeping
- crisis management, peace-making and post conflict stabilization
What is the European Neighborhood policy about?
-co-operation of close neighbor states of eastern Europe in terms of security, stability & prosperity
Who is it, that intervenes within conflict zones along with the International Civil Society Organisations (CSOs)?
-NGOs (Non-Government Organisations)
Which organisations provides humanitarian reliefs such as healthcare, medicines, education, food & water?
-NGO (Non-Government Organisations)
Who do NGOs co-operate with?
-they co-operate with global institutions, national/ local governments & local communities
Why do NGOs use direct mediation and open dialogue adversarial parties?
-they use them to strengthen local institutions, rule of law & democratic processes
What are examples of NGOs which help with conflict regulation?
Examples include:
- Amnesty International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC)
- Oxfam
- (ACCORD) African Center for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes
Who upholds international law and what conditions do they bring?
-UN & EU uphold international law to establish conditions for justice, respect obligation arising from treaties & other monitoring
What does a law relate to and regulate over?
- relates to human rights, disbarment, treatment of refugees & of prisoners, nationality issues, use of force and war conduct.
- it also regulates over global commons e.g. trade regulations
What are treaties and laws derived from?
-they are derived from norms
What are norms?
- they are long established common practices of many countries.
- they are set out in the UN Charter & reinforced by treaty legal requirements
What is a treaty (convention) known as?
- a written international agreement of 2+ states or international organisations
- they are required to sign under international law e.g. Law of the Sea, Treaty of Versailles
Why does the UN adopt multilateral treaties for and what example is there?
- it does so, in aim to develop international law & responsibility of states conduct with each other & treatment of citizens
- e.g. Convention forbidding the use of stockpiling, transfer anti-personnel mines & their destruction.
- in 2015, 162 countries signed up to this legally binding agreement
What does governing legally & generally accepted practices to regulate conflict and maintain peace fall under?
-treaties, norms and laws
How many new norms were created by Microsoft recently and what do they help with?
- they created 6 new norms to limit conflict within cyberspace
- helps to brings security & stability due to concern of an increasing global connected society or threat to sovereignty
What flows are an integral part of the global governance of conflict?
-flows of people, money, ideas & technology
What examples of the types of flows are there?
- movement of personnel into conflict zones (international communities attempting to intervene & provide assistance)
- finance transfers donated by member states
- can also involve UN missions & of regional organisations & work of NGOs
What helps with monitoring behavior and conflict management?
- growth of ICT information via internet
- communications via telephone & social networks
What example of technology is there a dependency on in peacekeeping?
-advanced military tech e.g. satellite imagery & remote drones/ weaponry for surveillance & air strikes
What does planning and executing require and who is it carried out by?
-sharing good practices, co-ordination strategies & flow of intelligence - carried out by bilateral government/ regional council meetings, UN conferences & discussion at General Assembly
How does the EU respond to crisis’ within member states?
-the EU supplies security by provides forces to member states via rapid-response operations
