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OCR Geography Powers and Borders > role of institutions, treaties, laws and norms in regulating conflict > Flashcards

role of institutions, treaties, laws and norms in regulating conflict Flashcards

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1
Q

Achieving worldwide peace & security & protection of human rights is the role of…?

A

-it is a role of the UN (international organisation)

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2
Q

Who is it that develops good relations between nations & fosters co-operation in solving economic, social, cultural or humanitarian problems (e.g. helped rebuild Europe aftermath WWII)

A

-the UN (international organisation)

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3
Q

What responsibility does the UN Security Council have within the UN Charter towards regulating conflict?

A

-it is responsible for maintaining international peace & security

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4
Q

What way of conflict regulation is becoming increasingly important in the 20th century?

A

-preventative diplomacy & mediation

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5
Q

How is monitoring and observation a good conflict regulator for the UN?

A

-it enables peacekeeping missions to deploy earlier

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6
Q

How many peacekeeping missions are supported by the legal and political authority (the UN Security Council)?

A

-the UN Security Council supports 16 peacekeeping missions

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7
Q

How does the UN uphold its international law and how does this help with conflict regulation?

A
  • it carries out its international law through courts, tribunals & multilateral treaties
  • this can approve peacekeeping missions, impose sanctions, or authorize the use of force when there is a threat to international peace and security, if it deems necessary
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8
Q

How does the UN aim to improve the life’s of people everywhere so there is less likelihood of conflict?

A

-by improving people’s well-being through sustaining development, promoting prosperity & economic opportunity as well as protection of environment

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9
Q

Which organisation helps to avoid conflict by fostering economic co-operation and create an understanding that economic trade between member countries enhances their economic independence?

A

-the EU (European Union)

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10
Q

What are examples of conflict related policies many institutional bodies use to regulate conflict?

A
  • foreign affairs & security
  • common security & defense
  • European neighborhood
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11
Q

What does the foreign affairs and security policy by institutional bodies of the EU help by doing?

A
  • preserving peace & international security
  • promoting international co-operation
  • developing or consolidating respect for human rights & fundamental freedoms through rule of law & democracy
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12
Q

What does the common security and defense policy involve?

A
  • joint disarmament operations
  • humanitarian & rescue tasks
  • military advice/ assistance
  • conflict prevention & peacekeeping
  • crisis management, peace-making and post conflict stabilization
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13
Q

What is the European Neighborhood policy about?

A

-co-operation of close neighbor states of eastern Europe in terms of security, stability & prosperity

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14
Q

Who is it, that intervenes within conflict zones along with the International Civil Society Organisations (CSOs)?

A

-NGOs (Non-Government Organisations)

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15
Q

Which organisations provides humanitarian reliefs such as healthcare, medicines, education, food & water?

A

-NGO (Non-Government Organisations)

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16
Q

Who do NGOs co-operate with?

A

-they co-operate with global institutions, national/ local governments & local communities

17
Q

Why do NGOs use direct mediation and open dialogue adversarial parties?

A

-they use them to strengthen local institutions, rule of law & democratic processes

18
Q

What are examples of NGOs which help with conflict regulation?

A

Examples include:

  • Amnesty International Committee of Red Cross (ICRC)
  • Oxfam
  • (ACCORD) African Center for the Constructive Resolution of Disputes
19
Q

Who upholds international law and what conditions do they bring?

A

-UN & EU uphold international law to establish conditions for justice, respect obligation arising from treaties & other monitoring

20
Q

What does a law relate to and regulate over?

A
  • relates to human rights, disbarment, treatment of refugees & of prisoners, nationality issues, use of force and war conduct.
  • it also regulates over global commons e.g. trade regulations
21
Q

What are treaties and laws derived from?

A

-they are derived from norms

22
Q

What are norms?

A
  • they are long established common practices of many countries.
  • they are set out in the UN Charter & reinforced by treaty legal requirements
23
Q

What is a treaty (convention) known as?

A
  • a written international agreement of 2+ states or international organisations
  • they are required to sign under international law e.g. Law of the Sea, Treaty of Versailles
24
Q

Why does the UN adopt multilateral treaties for and what example is there?

A
  • it does so, in aim to develop international law & responsibility of states conduct with each other & treatment of citizens
  • e.g. Convention forbidding the use of stockpiling, transfer anti-personnel mines & their destruction.
  • in 2015, 162 countries signed up to this legally binding agreement
25
Q

What does governing legally & generally accepted practices to regulate conflict and maintain peace fall under?

A

-treaties, norms and laws

26
Q

How many new norms were created by Microsoft recently and what do they help with?

A
  • they created 6 new norms to limit conflict within cyberspace
  • helps to brings security & stability due to concern of an increasing global connected society or threat to sovereignty
27
Q

What flows are an integral part of the global governance of conflict?

A

-flows of people, money, ideas & technology

28
Q

What examples of the types of flows are there?

A
  • movement of personnel into conflict zones (international communities attempting to intervene & provide assistance)
  • finance transfers donated by member states
  • can also involve UN missions & of regional organisations & work of NGOs
29
Q

What helps with monitoring behavior and conflict management?

A
  • growth of ICT information via internet

- communications via telephone & social networks

30
Q

What example of technology is there a dependency on in peacekeeping?

A

-advanced military tech e.g. satellite imagery & remote drones/ weaponry for surveillance & air strikes

31
Q

What does planning and executing require and who is it carried out by?

A

-sharing good practices, co-ordination strategies & flow of intelligence - carried out by bilateral government/ regional council meetings, UN conferences & discussion at General Assembly

32
Q

How does the EU respond to crisis’ within member states?

A

-the EU supplies security by provides forces to member states via rapid-response operations

OCR Geography Powers and Borders (6 decks)

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