Role of individuals in the development of attitudes towards Empire (Livingstone, Kirk, Speke and Burton)

Question 1

Why were individuals involved in the Empire?

Answer 1

-Scientific discovery
-Thrill of exploration
-Gain wealth
-Power and status
-Moral reasons (Christianity)

Question 2

Quote about God by Livingstone

Answer 2

“Fear God and work hard”

Question 3

Quote about men by Livingstone

Answer 3

“I want men who will come if there is no road at all”

Question 4

Livingstone’s role in Empire

Answer 4

Missionary doctor / explorer

Question 5

When did Livingstone arrive in South Africa?

Answer 5

1841

Question 6

What did Livingstone deliver in 1856-7?

Answer 6

Lectures on his discoveries at Cambridge University

Question 7

When did Livingstone go back to South Africa?

Answer 7

1858

Question 8

Main achievements of Livingstone

Answer 8

Inspired others through his stories

Question 9

Kirk’s role in Empire

Answer 9

medical officer and economic batonist for Livingstone’s Zambezi expedition

Question 10

What happened to Kirk in 1860?

Answer 10

He nearly drowned whilst exploring waterways with Livingstone and collected aquatic specimens

Question 11

Main achievement of Kirk

Answer 11

Ensured that Zanzibar operated as British client state. Outlawed Zanzibar’s slave trade

Question 12

Burton’s role in Empire

Answer 12

Linguistic scholar, explorer and adventurer

Question 13

Main achievements of Burton

Answer 13

Produced 43 volumes on his expeditions

Question 14

Speke’s role in Empire

Answer 14

Joined Burton’s expedition to find origin of Nile

Question 15

Main achievements of Speke

Answer 15

First to reach Lake Tanganyika and then Lake Victoria

Question 16

Role of missionaries

Answer 16

Aimed to spread Christianity among non-Europeans

Question 17

What do some historians see missionary movement as?

Answer 17

Distinct form of cultural and Christian imperialism

Question 18

What did development of missionaries stem from?

Answer 18

Mixture of absolute adherence to their belief and worthlessness of other faiths

Question 19

What approaches could missionaries take in attempts to spread the word?

Answer 19

Could he quite aggressive

Question 20

What did missions do?

Answer 20

Established compounds and set up churches

Question 21

What did missions typically provide?

Answer 21

Housing and farm work in return for native conversions to Christianity

Question 22

How were attempts to establish Christian bases not always successful?

Answer 22

-Clashes with indigenous people
-Conflict between missions and colonial authorities
-Conflicts between one mission and another

Question 23

What did missions delay?

Answer 23

Annexation and colonisation as they provided a focus for opposition to colonisation