Role of individuals in the development of attitudes towards Empire (Livingstone, Kirk, Speke and Burton) Flashcards
Why were individuals involved in the Empire?
-Scientific discovery
-Thrill of exploration
-Gain wealth
-Power and status
-Moral reasons (Christianity)
Quote about God by Livingstone
“Fear God and work hard”
Quote about men by Livingstone
“I want men who will come if there is no road at all”
Livingstone’s role in Empire
Missionary doctor / explorer
When did Livingstone arrive in South Africa?
1841
What did Livingstone deliver in 1856-7?
Lectures on his discoveries at Cambridge University
When did Livingstone go back to South Africa?
1858
Main achievements of Livingstone
Inspired others through his stories
Kirk’s role in Empire
medical officer and economic batonist for Livingstone’s Zambezi expedition
What happened to Kirk in 1860?
He nearly drowned whilst exploring waterways with Livingstone and collected aquatic specimens
Main achievement of Kirk
Ensured that Zanzibar operated as British client state. Outlawed Zanzibar’s slave trade
Burton’s role in Empire
Linguistic scholar, explorer and adventurer
Main achievements of Burton
Produced 43 volumes on his expeditions
Speke’s role in Empire
Joined Burton’s expedition to find origin of Nile
Main achievements of Speke
First to reach Lake Tanganyika and then Lake Victoria
Role of missionaries
Aimed to spread Christianity among non-Europeans
What do some historians see missionary movement as?
Distinct form of cultural and Christian imperialism
What did development of missionaries stem from?
Mixture of absolute adherence to their belief and worthlessness of other faiths
What approaches could missionaries take in attempts to spread the word?
Could he quite aggressive
What did missions do?
Established compounds and set up churches
What did missions typically provide?
Housing and farm work in return for native conversions to Christianity
How were attempts to establish Christian bases not always successful?
-Clashes with indigenous people
-Conflict between missions and colonial authorities
-Conflicts between one mission and another
What did missions delay?
Annexation and colonisation as they provided a focus for opposition to colonisation
