Role and contribution of Greeks Flashcards
1
Q
Leonides
A
THERMOPYLAE
- Led the 300
- Spartan King
- Became almost mythical after sacrifice (Hero Cult of Leonidas)
- Commander of the combined Greek forces
2
Q
Miltiades
A
MARATHON
- 1 of 10 strategoi (general) to command the Athenian forces 490BC
- Previously a tyrant, supported ionian revolt
- Understanding of Persian tactics
- Convinced Athenian polemarch to confront Persians at Marathon
- 489BC unsuccessful Athenian expedition, charged with treason
3
Q
Themistocles
A
- Athenian Statesmen
- Elected archon in 493BC, increased naval power (silver deposit) = 200 trireme
- Organised Corinth at the Isthmus = Hellenic league
- Command of navy at Artemisium and Salamis lead to victory
- Hostility due to persuading Athens to be refortified
- Ostracised ( sent to exile ) 472/71
- Spartans implicated him in treasonous plot, fled to Persia
- Made governor
4
Q
PAUSANIAS
A
- Nephew of Leonidas, served as regent until his son was ready
- Responsible for victory over Persia platea
- held together army over 100000 men from 24 cities - JVA FINE
- Herdotus: The finest victory in all history… was won by Pausanias
- After battle of Mycale, when it was made clear Athens would dominate the Hellenic League in Sparta’s absence, he was sent back to command the League’s military
- 478 was accused of conspiring with Persia and sent back to Sparta, where he was acquitted but left of his own accord
- Re-joined Greek fleet, which then captured Byzantium in 478BC
- Deal with Xerxes: help bring Sparta/Greek states under Persian control in exchange for marriage to Xerxes daughter
- Began to dress like Persian aristocrat and adopt their customs
- Developed a reputation for arrogance, many Spartan allies joined Athenian side because of this
- Recalled to Sparta in 470BC, where the Ephors planned to arrest him for treason
- Sort refuge in temple of Athena of the Brazen house, where he starved to death