Role and contribution of Greeks Flashcards

1
Q

Leonides

A

THERMOPYLAE

  • Led the 300
  • Spartan King
  • Became almost mythical after sacrifice (Hero Cult of Leonidas)
  • Commander of the combined Greek forces
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2
Q

Miltiades

A

MARATHON

  • 1 of 10 strategoi (general) to command the Athenian forces 490BC
  • Previously a tyrant, supported ionian revolt
  • Understanding of Persian tactics
  • Convinced Athenian polemarch to confront Persians at Marathon
  • 489BC unsuccessful Athenian expedition, charged with treason
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3
Q

Themistocles

A
  • Athenian Statesmen
  • Elected archon in 493BC, increased naval power (silver deposit) = 200 trireme
  • Organised Corinth at the Isthmus = Hellenic league
  • Command of navy at Artemisium and Salamis lead to victory
  • Hostility due to persuading Athens to be refortified
  • Ostracised ( sent to exile ) 472/71
  • Spartans implicated him in treasonous plot, fled to Persia
  • Made governor
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4
Q

PAUSANIAS

A
  • Nephew of Leonidas, served as regent until his son was ready
  • Responsible for victory over Persia platea
  • held together army over 100000 men from 24 cities - JVA FINE
  • Herdotus: The finest victory in all history… was won by Pausanias
  • After battle of Mycale, when it was made clear Athens would dominate the Hellenic League in Sparta’s absence, he was sent back to command the League’s military
  • 478 was accused of conspiring with Persia and sent back to Sparta, where he was acquitted but left of his own accord
  • Re-joined Greek fleet, which then captured Byzantium in 478BC
  • Deal with Xerxes: help bring Sparta/Greek states under Persian control in exchange for marriage to Xerxes daughter
  • Began to dress like Persian aristocrat and adopt their customs
  • Developed a reputation for arrogance, many Spartan allies joined Athenian side because of this
  • Recalled to Sparta in 470BC, where the Ephors planned to arrest him for treason
  • Sort refuge in temple of Athena of the Brazen house, where he starved to death
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