Rogers Flashcards
Roger’s Theory
1- Humanistic – holistic theory.
2- Actualizing tendency.
3- Formative tendency: All matter evolves from simpler to more
complex forms.
4- Condition for growth: Unconditional love – authenticity, unconditional acceptance, & empathy.
5- Importance of self-concept in personality formation.
self-concept is also known as _____-______
self-image
Self-concept is _________ of our personality
approximation
The disparity between self-concept & real self is called _____________
incongruence
When does incongruence become a problem?
When the disparity gap between self-concept and real self is big
Origin of incongruence
- Assumption: we all need to be loved by others.
- Conditional love = affection + love conditional to living up to others’ expectations.
- Unconditional love = affection + love NOT dependent upon what
we do / who we are. - The consequence of conditional love: any self-aspect inconsistent with
others’ expectations is distorted»_space;> gradual creation of global
incongruence.
What happens as people experience conditional love?
They’ll bend their self-image to become what that other person wants them to be, which results in more incongruence
The healthy personality
Unconditional love»_space;> congruence self-concept / real self»_space;> Y
adjustment/actualization»_space;> Healthy personality.
Healthy individuals = ____ __ ______
persons of tomorrow
According to Rogers, what are the traits of a healthy personality?
- Coherent.
- Spontaneous.
- Constant state of evolution.
- Freshness of attitude.
- Open to new experiences.
- Self-confident.
- Greater richness of experience.
- In harmony with themselves.
- Authentic in relations with others.
The unhealthy personality
Conditional love»_space;> incongruence self-concept / real self»_space;> acting
in concordance with self-concept»_space;> distortion of real self»_space;> fake
(unhealthy) personality.
according to Rogers, what are the traits for an unhelathy personality?
- Phony.
- Stagnating.
- Unauthentic.
- Self-concealed.
- Low self-esteem.
- Inconsistent/rigid behavior (forget about fake self temporarily/walking on eggshells)
- “Defensive” personality (“If you look too close you’ll see that I’m fake”)
People with Y problems are incongruent because of:
lack of unconditional love
When it comes to Rogers’ theory, what is the main goal of phsychotherapy?
decrease incongruence by exposing client to
unconditional love
What are the 3 conditions for reduction of congruence?
- congruent therapist (being real and genuine)
- Empathetic listening
- unconditional positive regard
- unconditional = no condition for acceptance
- positive= wamr + caring relationship
- regard = close relationship in which therapist sees client as being important
What are the 7 stages for the process used to reduce incongruence?
Stage 1: client is incongruent + defensive, rigid + resistant to change»_space;> unwillingness to communicate with the therapist.
Stage 2: client becomes less rigid»_space;> discussions about external events +
people – NOT about true feelings.
Stage 3: client feels closer to therapist»_space;> “objective” discussions about oneself in past or future.
Stage 4: “subjective” discussions about oneself in present; questioning
internalized values; perception of incongruence.
Stage 5: significant change + growth»_space;> feelings expressed in the
present; relying on internal locus of evaluation.
Stage 6: dramatic irreversible growth»_space;> unconditional positive selfregard»_space;> client accepts oneself. (Termination of therapy.)
Stage 7: client becomes congruent outside therapeutic setting by continuing to do the work on their own
Explain the changes that occur when this psychotherapy is used.
(1) Unconditional positive regard from therapist becomes unconditional
positive self-regard.
(2) Empathic listening by therapist becomes empathic “self-listening”»_space;> genuine self-perception»_space;> reduction of incongruence.
healthy personality vs unhealthy personality in regards to time
A healthy personality focuses on the present moment (the here and now) while an unhealthy personality focuses on the past and future
What does it mean when a person self-conceals?
It means they need to stay consistent with their inconsistencies or else their real self will come up
