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Exotics and Emerg > Rodents > Flashcards

Rodents Flashcards

1
Q

What are the big 3 classifications of rodents and what are some examples within each

A

-Caviomorphs: chinchilla, guinea pig
-Mymorphs: rats, hamsters, gerbils
-Sciuromorphs: chipmunks, squirrels

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2
Q

What are some general characteristics of rodents and rabbits

A

-Prey species
-Higher surface area to body mass ratio (lose body heat and dehydrate easily)
-Inguinal canal is open (close castration so dont get hernia)
-Postpartum estrus allows pregnancy immediately after birth
-Can’t vomit (esophagus meets stomach in middle)

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3
Q

What is the dentition of rodents and rabbits

A

-Elodonts
-Long crowns
-Aradicular (open rooted teeth)
-Grow throughout life
-4 incisors (rodents)
-6 incisors (rabbits,4 upper2 lower)

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4
Q

What does caeoctrophic mean

A

-Eat their own poop

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5
Q

In which species should you avoid penicillins (because of toxicity)

A

-Guinea pigs, hamsters, and chinchillas
-Only give parenterally in rabbits

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6
Q

Which species are hystricomorphs (caviomorphs) and what are some details about them

A

-Chinchilla, guinea pig, degu
-Herbivores (hindgut fermenters), like high fiber diet for teeth
-All teeth open rooted (20 teeth)
-Precocious young (well developed young, independent)
-Long gestation

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7
Q

What are the gestation lengths and lifespan of guinea pigs, chinchillas, and degu

A

-Guinea pig: 63 day gestation, 5-7 year lifespan
-Chinchilla: 111 days, 10+ years
-Degu: 90 days, 5-9 years

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8
Q

What species are myomorphs and what are some features of them

A

-“Mouse like” species (mice, rats)
-Altricial (very undeveloped young)
-Gestation 3-4 weeks
-Incisors elodont (grow always)
-Molars brachydont (stop growing at 3 months)

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9
Q

What species are sciuromorphs and what are some features of them

A

-“squirrel like” (squirrels, chipmunks)
-Altricial young
-Gestation 30 days
-Elodont incisors
-Brachydont molars
-Hibernation

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10
Q

How much blood can you take from rodents and where can you take from in caviomorphs

A

-1% of body weight (never more)
-Can take from jugular, saphenous, cranial vena cava (under GA), ear vein

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11
Q

Where can you take blood from in myomorphs

A

-Lateral tail vein, saphenous, tail artery in rats

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12
Q

Where are some injection sites in rodents

A

-Subcutaneous (fluids, not in guinea pigs because odor scruff)
-Intraperitoneal
-Intravenous
-Avoid IM as painful

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13
Q

Which route should you give fluids to a rodent with mild, moderate, and severe dehydration

A

-Mild: oral, subcut
-Moderate: intravenous (or intraperitoneal)
-Severe: intraosseous

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14
Q

What nutrition sources are good for chinchillas

A

-High fiber for teeth
-Long pellets
-Food that they can hold in paws
-Small oral cavity so small food items

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15
Q

How does dental malocclusion occur in chinchillas and what dental issues can it cause

A

-Incisors are usually equal in length, if one or the other elongated can cause malocclusion
-Can cause molar coronal elongation, sharp spurs, periodontal disease

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16
Q

What are clinical signs of dental malocclusion and disease

A

-Slobbers due to pain, wet chin
-Anorexia
-Rapid weight loss
-Chronic epiphora (eye discharge, maxillary root pressing eye)
-Gut stasis

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17
Q

What are some skin problems of rodents

A

-Fur slip: an escape mechanism where animal leaves patch of fur behind if grabbed too hard
-Matted fur: need dust baths
-Fur chewing: if lack of fiber in the diet
-Fur ring: hair tangled on penis
-Slobbers/wet chin: check teeth

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18
Q

What are some anatomical features of guinea pigs

A

-1 pair of nipples
-Pubic symphysis (closes around 11 months, can lead to dystopia if not bred before 1 year old)
-Vesicular gland
-Single cervix

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19
Q

What diet should guinea pigs be on

A

-Herbivore diet
-Need Vit C daily (10mg/kg) or can get scurvy
-Give pellets, hay, and vegetables daily

20
Q

What are clinical signs of scurvy in rodents

A

-Lameness
-Dental malocclusion
-Weight loss, rough coat
-Ill thrift
-Sudden death

21
Q

How many teeth doo guinea pigs have

A

20

22
Q

How does tongue entrapment occur in guinea pigs

A

-Lower CT 1 and 2 arc over tongue
-These teeth elongate caused by lack of fiber and vit C
-Cause anorexia, weight loss

23
Q

What is the relationship of upper and lower incisor size in guinea pigs

A

-Lower incisor is twice as long as upper incisor (normally)
-If upper incisors get too long, can cause pain and lower jaw rotation

24
Q

What is done in dental surgery of guinea pigs

A

-Restoration of normal tooth length, restoration of the normal sloping occlusal plane, extraction of diseased teeth and treatment of any associated abscessation

25
Q

What causes pneumonia in rodents and what are the signs and treatment

A

-Bordetella
-Sudden death, abortion in sows, treat with non-penicillin antibiotics, fluids, assisted feeding

26
Q

What causes sarcoptic mange in rodents and what are the clinical signs

A

-Trixacarus caviae mange mite (burrows deep so difficult to find on scrapes)
-Intense pruritis, erythema, scaling and crusting on dorsum

27
Q

What is the treatment or sarcoptic mange in rodents

A

-Ivermectin .5mg/kg SC 7 days for 3-4 treatments
-Meloxicam .5mg/kg because very sore and itchy
-Vit C and improved nutrition
-Treat all in contacts
-Remove stress

28
Q

What causes ringworm in rodents and how is it treated

A

-T. Mentagrophytes
-Do a culture and give itraconazole

29
Q

What species are myomorphs and what are their young and teeth like

A

-Myomorphs include mice hamsters gerbils and rats
-Altricial young
-Lower incisors twice as long + brachydont molars (stop growing at 3 months)

30
Q

What is the nutrition of myomorphs

A

-Omnivores
-Pellets, veg, protein
-Like gnawing

31
Q

What is the most common disease in rats

A

-Murine pneumonia

32
Q

What pathogens cause murine pneumonia in rats and mice

A

-Mycoplasma most commonly
-Strep pneumoniae
-Pasturella pneumotropica
-Sendai virus
-Sialodacryoadentis virus

33
Q

What are the clinical signs and treatments of murine pneumonia

A

-Tachypnea, rough hair coat, hunched, weight loss, chattering, head tilt, can be fatal or subclinical
-Treatment: fluoroquinolones, doxycycline, cephalexins, azithromycin, O2/fluids, nebulizing/inhalers

34
Q

What is chromodacryorrhea in rats

A

-Red tears (porphyrin)
-Usually underlying resp disease

35
Q

Are mammary tumors worse in mice or rats

A

-Malignant in mice, 90% benign in rats but grow a lot in size

36
Q

When do hamsters like to be awake and how many hamsters should you have at once

A

-Hamsters are nocturnal
-Hamsters are solitary

37
Q

What causes proliferative ileitis (wet tail) in hamsters and what are the clinical signs

A

-Lawsonia intracellularis usually in weanlings stressed from transport to the shop or to their new home
-Clin signs: dehydration, anorexia, diarrhea, hunched up, abdominal pain, usually fatal due to underlying stress

38
Q

What are the treatment options for proliferative ileitis in hamsters

A

-Older animals can be treated with subcut or oral fluids and enrofloxacin or trimethoprim
-Supportive feeding
-many survivors get secondary intussusception or rectal prolapse

39
Q

What skin disease do hamsters get

A

-Demodectic mange
-Cutaneous lymphoma (scabs and scaling)
-Allergies

40
Q

Why does cheek pouch prolapse occur and how is it treated

A

-Mainly dwarf hamsters fed oversized food
-GA, clean and replace pouch, place anchor suture w 4/0 monofilament, give liquid food for 1-2 days, start feeding smaller food

41
Q

What are some other ailments of hamsters

A

-Proptosis of the eye: enucleate if eye no longer viable
-Trauma
-Fractures
-Pseudohibernation: people think its dead and bury it alive

42
Q

What are some common ailments of gerbils

A

-Matted fur: too humid, give sand baths
-Tail degloving: happens when grabbed inappropriately, amputate tail

43
Q

What are some issues that can occur to the ventral scent gland of gerbils

A

-Infection
-Neoplasia (SCC, tend to remove with great success)

44
Q

What is nasal dermatitis in gerbils

A

-Aka “gerbil nose”
-Gerbils dig with their noses, get sore and raw if too much digging or digging too rough of substances

45
Q

What species are sciuromorphs

A

-Chipmunks, squirrels, prairie dogs

46
Q

What issues can chipmunks get and how do we examine them

A

-Fighting injuries (often need ABs), human flu is fatal to them
-Examine under GA

Exotics and Emerg (12 decks)

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