Rocks and Minerals Study Guide

Question 1

Minerals are _______ occurring and are ___ man made

Answer 1

Minerals are NATURALLY occurring and are NOT man made

Question 2

Minerals TRUE or FALSE: Are inorganic solids; not alive; never had been alive

Answer 2

TRUE

Question 3

Minerals have definite composition and are made up of…

Answer 3

Specific numbers and types of atoms like quartz, SiO2, its chemical properties are always the same regardless of the sample

Question 4

Define a mineral’s orderly atomic structure

Answer 4

The atoms that make up the mineral are in regular repeating arrangements, all minerals have some type of crystal form

Question 5

Define a mineral’s crystal form:

Answer 5

Regular, repeating arrangement of atoms, like halite which forms a cubic shape

Question 6

Define a mineral’s luster

Answer 6

Looks like metal, like pyrite which looks like gold, or galena which looks like a silvery metal

Question 7

Define a mineral’s hardness

Answer 7

The strength of the chemical bonds, defined as the minerals resistance to scratching glass

Question 8

Moh’s Hardness Scale

Answer 8

1-10, 1 is the softest like talc, and 10 is the hardest like diamond

Question 9

Define a mineral’s Cleavage

Answer 9

When a mineral breaks along parallel lines like Mica ,which peels in layers, or when a mineral breaks into specific shapes like halite which breaks into cubes

Question 10

Define a mineral’s Fracture

Answer 10

Is irregular breaking, when a mineral breaks and does not split along parallel planes or into specific shapes

Question 11

Define a mineral’s streak

Answer 11

When a mineral is scraped along an unglazed porcelain tile and a powder is left behind on the tile. The powder is the streak of the mineral which is more reliable than the color of the mineral when used for identifying minerals

Question 12

Define Igneous Rocks

Answer 12

Formed from melted minerals, melted rock, lava or magma, or exploded dust and ash from volcanoes. Are extremely hard which makes them useful in construction

Question 13

In a Igneous rock Slow cooling = large crystals

Answer 13

EX: Granite, which as crystals that can easily be seen with the unaided eye

Question 14

In an Igneous rock Fast cooling = small crystals

Answer 14

EX: Basalt, which has crystals that can not be easily seen with the unaided eye

Question 15

In an Igneous rock Extra fast cooling = no crystals

Answer 15

EX: Obsidian, which appears glassy because it cooled extra fast EX: Pumice, which appears frothy because it has many air pockets trapped inside it

Question 16

Define Sediments

Answer 16

(Setlled materials of air or water) Materials carried away by running water, air or glaciers

Question 17

Sediments come in different _____ from ________ & or __________weathering

Answer 17

Sediments com in different SIZES from CHEMICAL or MECHANICAL weathering.

Question 18

Whats an example of sediments in different sizes

Answer 18

Boulders, gravel, sand, silt, clay

Question 19

Whats an example of sediments from mechanical or chemical weathering?

Answer 19

Mechanical- Boulders, gravel, sand Chemical- Silt, clay

Question 20

Sediments can come from _____ and _________ remains and ______.

Answer 20

Sediments can come from PLANT and ANIMAL** remains and **SALTS.

Question 21

Whats an example of a sediment from plant and animal remains, and salts?

Answer 21

Plant Remains- Roots, leaves, stems Animal Remains- Seashells, teeth, bones Salts- Evaporated sea water

Question 22

Sedimentary rocks are formed from:

Answer 22

* Pieces of other rocks * From once living things * From solutions

Question 23

What’s an example of a sedimentary rock from other pieces of rocks?

Answer 23

• Sandstone, which is sand compacted together - Conglomerate, which is very small rocks naturally cemented together

Question 24

What’s an example of a sedimentary rock from once living things?

Answer 24

• Coal, which is made from ancient plant life - Coquina, which is made from sea shells

Question 25

What’s an example of a sedimentary rock from solutions?

Answer 25

Limestone, which is made from calcium carbonate (CaCO3) dissolved in seawater which is the remains of ancient sea shells

Question 26

Fossils are found in ___________ rocks because the _____ or _________ is trapped in the sediments that eventually makes the rocks. They can not be found in _____ or ____________ rocks because those types of rocks are ______ or partially melted and/or exposed to great ____ and ________ which would destroy the fossils.

Answer 26

Fossils are found in SEDIMENTARY rocks because the PLANT or ANIMAL is trapped in the sediments that make eventually make the rocks. They can not be found in IGNEOUS or METAMORPHIC rocks because those types of rocks are MELTED or partially melted and/or exposed to great HEAT and PRESSURE which would destroy the fossils.

Question 27

Metamorphic rocks are formed by:

Answer 27

formed from great heat and great pressure

Question 28

Metamorphic rocks are partially _______ unlike ______rocks.

Answer 28

They are partially MELTED, not completely melted like IGNEOUS rocks.

Question 29

Metamorphic rocks are Decorative rocks used for sculptures an example is…

Answer 29

… Marble

Question 30

Metamorphic rocks Could contain banded, alternating layers of crystals or grains an example is…

Answer 30

…Gneiss

Question 31

Metamorphic rocks are Often harder than their parent rocks. For ex:

Answer 31

Slate is harder than shale

Question 32

Define the Rock Cycle

Answer 32

The process by which rocks are changed from one type to another

Question 33

The rock cycle has no beginning and no end because:

Answer 33

• Rocks have no set path through the rock cycle - Any rock type can become any other rock type - Rocks can go through the cycle many times

Question 34

The Law of Conservation of Matter (COM) says…

Answer 34

..COM- matter not created or destroyed in a chemical reaction

Question 35

Melting and cooling helps form what type rock?

Answer 35

Igneous

Question 36

Great Heat and Pressure forms what type rock?

Answer 36

Metamorphic

Question 37

Weathering and Erosion from what type of rock?

Answer 37

Sedimentary

Question 38

Define Bio-geochemical Cycles

Answer 38

The cycling of an element or a compound through the environment or biome

Question 39

List at least TWO examples of Bio-geochemical cycles are:

Answer 39

• Nitrogen cycle
• water cycle
• carbon cycle
• phosphorus cycle

Question 40

TRUE OR FALSE? These cycles have a beginning and an end and are essential to life on earth

Answer 40

FALSE! These cycles have NO beginning and NO end and are essential to life on earth

Question 41

What are you looking at? Bruh you look hurt from all that studyin’. HA! You know what else looks hurt?

Answer 41

DEEZ NUTZ! HA! GOT ‘EEEEMMM!

Question 42

Hey guess what?

Answer 42

You are ≈ to DEEZ NUTZ (GOT EEEMM)

Question 43

So I guess you saw that comming. If you did, seek medical attention immediately. (Bruh I’m serious you’re demented) But what you didn’t see commin’ was this….

Answer 43

Congradulations! You’ve finished your tedious science study guide on Rocks and Minerals! It took you forever and a day but, you finally got through it. Take a break! By now you probably need it. Good Luck on the test Monday. God Bless. :)

(You thought I was gonna say deez nutz again didn’t you? Naw. Im not Patrick XD. HAA GOT EMMM!!)

Question 44

Define biome

Answer 44

Biome- An enviornment that supports life