Rocks and Minerals

Question 1

Minerals

Answer 1

Naturally occuring, inorganic solids with definite chemical composition. Withorderly atomic arrangement

Question 2

Identification of Traits

Answer 2

-Crystal Form -Cleavage - Fracture - Hardness -Streak -Luster -Density

Question 3

Define cleavage

Answer 3

Tendency to break along parallel planes

Question 4

Define cyrstals

Answer 4

Reg. repeating arrangement of atoms

Question 5

Define fracture

Answer 5

Irregular broken surfaces

Question 6

Crystal Form of a mineral

Answer 6

-Reg. repeating arraingement of atoms -Flat planed surface called crystal faces

Question 7

Cleavage form of a mineral

Answer 7

-Break along parallel planes -Strong bonds occur in planes parallel to the faces * KEY TRAIT IN IDENTIFICATION

Question 8

Fracture form of a mineral

Answer 8

-Irregular broken surfaces -do not display cleavage -some smooth, some rough

Question 9

Hardness form of a mineral

Answer 9

-Strength of the chemical bonds -Defined as it’s resistance to scratching -Measure hardness with the Moh’s hardness scale

Question 10

Why is color not a reliable way to identify a mineral?

Answer 10

B/C different minerals can have the same color, and the same mineral can have many colors. For ex. quartz

Question 11

The steak of a mineral:

Answer 11

Grind against a hard surface and you’ll get a streak -A powder will occur(the streak) -More consistent than its color

Question 12

The luster of a mineral:

Answer 12

-Metallic or nonmetal -More reliable than color

Question 13

Density of a mineral

Answer 13

-How tightly packed the atoms are -Compared to the density of water

Question 14

Define Metamorphic Rocks

Answer 14

Rocks changed from one to another (changed over rocks)

Question 15

Metamorphic rocks are formed by…

Answer 15

…great heat and pressure with time, which changes the rocks from one to another.

Question 16

Metamorphic rocks are formed…

Answer 16

…deep in the Earth

Question 17

Metamorphic rocks can be changed by…

Answer 17

-heat can slightly melt & change rock -pressure can squash & change rocks

Question 18

New Metamorphic rocks may look different

Answer 18

EX: -are often harder than parent rock shale-slate limestone-marble rhyolite-schist granite-geniss (i think)

Question 19

Igneous Rocks are formed from:

Answer 19

-Melted minerals -cooling or melted liquid rock -may take 100’s of years or minutes

Question 20

*Igneous rocks often have…*

Answer 20

*…crystals*

Question 21

Slow cooling produces_____ crystals

Answer 21

LARGE (ex. granite)

Question 22

Fast cooling produces _____ crystals

Answer 22

small (ex. basalt)

Question 23

Extra/Super-Fast cooling produces_______ crystals

Answer 23

NO CRYSTALS (Ex. obsdion, pumice)

Question 24

Fragmental

Answer 24

Fragmented together/stuck together -looks glassy

Question 25

Sediments are:

Answer 25

Materials that settled out from water or air -form from the weathering of rock -also from plant and/or animal remains

Question 26

Sediments come in many different...

Answer 26

-different materials - diff. processes -come in different sizes

Question 27

Wind can carry away sediments?

Answer 27

TRUE

Question 28

Dessert winds constantly reshape dunes

Answer 28

TRUE

Question 29

Volcanoes spew ash that can be carried around the world

Answer 29

TRUE (that's common sense...)

Question 30

Boulders are made from:

Answer 30

Mechanical, physical weathering - breaks rock/minerals into smaller pieces

Question 31

Gravel is made from:

Answer 31

Mechanical weathering

Question 32

Sand is made from:

Answer 32

Mechanical weathering -usually sticks together when wet

Question 33

Define Silt

Answer 33

- chemical/weather -indivisual pieces are not visible - forms mud

Question 34

What kind of weathering makes Clay?

Answer 34

-chemical weathering -10 times smaller than silt

Question 35

Plant Remains include...

Answer 35

Plants, roots, leafs, stems, fruits and flowers

Question 36

Animal Remains include...

Answer 36

Seashells, skeleton, bones or teeth

Question 37

How are Salts formed?

Answer 37

formed from the evaportation of ocean water

Question 38

Sedimentary rocks are formed from...

Answer 38

formed from pieces of other rocks - can be formed from the remains of once living things -sand, silt, pebbles -made by weathering

Question 39

Sedimentary fragments are carried away by:

Answer 39

-wind -water -glaciers

Question 40

Sedimentary rock cycle:

Answer 40

1) Rock fragments settle 2) Over time, the older layers are buried 3)- BEcome tightly packed together

Question 41

Sedimentary rocks method of formation:

Answer 41

1) Compaction- wight of upper layers COMPACT lower layers 2) Cementation- Fragments or sediments are cemented together

Question 42

Some sedimentary rock are formed from living things like coal

Answer 42

TRUE (Ex. Coquina)

Question 43

Limestone comes from what?

Answer 43

Evaporated water

Question 44

Limestone:

Answer 44

Calcium carbonate, dissolves in sea water. (Halite)

Question 45

Sediment rocks sometimes contains:

Answer 45

-fossils -plants & animals When rock forms impression, or bone stil remains