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Science > Rocks and Minerals > Flashcards

Rocks and Minerals Flashcards

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1
Q

Minerals

A

Naturally occuring, inorganic solids with definite chemical composition. Withorderly atomic arrangement

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2
Q

Identification of Traits

A

-Crystal Form -Cleavage - Fracture - Hardness -Streak -Luster -Density

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3
Q

Define cleavage

A

Tendency to break along parallel planes

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4
Q

Define cyrstals

A

Reg. repeating arrangement of atoms

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5
Q

Define fracture

A

Irregular broken surfaces

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6
Q

Crystal Form of a mineral

A

-Reg. repeating arraingement of atoms -Flat planed surface called crystal faces

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7
Q

Cleavage form of a mineral

A

-Break along parallel planes -Strong bonds occur in planes parallel to the faces * KEY TRAIT IN IDENTIFICATION

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8
Q

Fracture form of a mineral

A

-Irregular broken surfaces -do not display cleavage -some smooth, some rough

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9
Q

Hardness form of a mineral

A

-Strength of the chemical bonds -Defined as it’s resistance to scratching -Measure hardness with the Moh’s hardness scale

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10
Q

Why is color not a reliable way to identify a mineral?

A

B/C different minerals can have the same color, and the same mineral can have many colors. For ex. quartz

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11
Q

The steak of a mineral:

A

Grind against a hard surface and you’ll get a streak -A powder will occur(the streak) -More consistent than its color

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12
Q

The luster of a mineral:

A

-Metallic or nonmetal -More reliable than color

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13
Q

Density of a mineral

A

-How tightly packed the atoms are -Compared to the density of water

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14
Q

Define Metamorphic Rocks

A

Rocks changed from one to another (changed over rocks)

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15
Q

Metamorphic rocks are formed by…

A

…great heat and pressure with time, which changes the rocks from one to another.

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16
Q

Metamorphic rocks are formed…

A

…deep in the Earth

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17
Q

Metamorphic rocks can be changed by…

A

-heat can slightly melt & change rock -pressure can squash & change rocks

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18
Q

New Metamorphic rocks may look different

A

EX: -are often harder than parent rock shale-slate limestone-marble rhyolite-schist granite-geniss (i think)

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19
Q

Igneous Rocks are formed from:

A

-Melted minerals -cooling or melted liquid rock -may take 100’s of years or minutes

20
Q

*Igneous rocks often have…*

A

*…crystals*

21
Q

Slow cooling produces_____ crystals

A

LARGE (ex. granite)

22
Q

Fast cooling produces _____ crystals

A

small (ex. basalt)

23
Q

Extra/Super-Fast cooling produces_______ crystals

A

NO CRYSTALS (Ex. obsdion, pumice)

24
Q

Fragmental

A

Fragmented together/stuck together -looks glassy

25
Q

Sediments are:

A

Materials that settled out from water or air -form from the weathering of rock -also from plant and/or animal remains

26
Q

Sediments come in many different…

A

-different materials - diff. processes -come in different sizes

27
Q

Wind can carry away sediments?

A

TRUE

28
Q

Dessert winds constantly reshape dunes

A

TRUE

29
Q

Volcanoes spew ash that can be carried around the world

A

TRUE (that’s common sense…)

30
Q

Boulders are made from:

A

Mechanical, physical weathering - breaks rock/minerals into smaller pieces

31
Q

Gravel is made from:

A

Mechanical weathering

32
Q

Sand is made from:

A

Mechanical weathering -usually sticks together when wet

33
Q

Define Silt

A
  • chemical/weather -indivisual pieces are not visible - forms mud
34
Q

What kind of weathering makes Clay?

A

-chemical weathering -10 times smaller than silt

35
Q

Plant Remains include…

A

Plants, roots, leafs, stems, fruits and flowers

36
Q

Animal Remains include…

A

Seashells, skeleton, bones or teeth

37
Q

How are Salts formed?

A

formed from the evaportation of ocean water

38
Q

Sedimentary rocks are formed from…

A

formed from pieces of other rocks - can be formed from the remains of once living things -sand, silt, pebbles -made by weathering

39
Q

Sedimentary fragments are carried away by:

A

-wind -water -glaciers

40
Q

Sedimentary rock cycle:

A

1) Rock fragments settle 2) Over time, the older layers are buried 3)- BEcome tightly packed together

41
Q

Sedimentary rocks method of formation:

A

1) Compaction- wight of upper layers COMPACT lower layers 2) Cementation- Fragments or sediments are cemented together

42
Q

Some sedimentary rock are formed from living things like coal

A

TRUE (Ex. Coquina)

43
Q

Limestone comes from what?

A

Evaporated water

44
Q

Limestone:

A

Calcium carbonate, dissolves in sea water. (Halite)

45
Q

Sediment rocks sometimes contains:

A

-fossils -plants & animals When rock forms impression, or bone stil remains

Science (9 decks)

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