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Science > rocks and minerals > Flashcards

rocks and minerals Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The earth is divided into

A

4 layers

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2
Q

What is the crust?

A

outermost layer of the earth

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3
Q

What is the crust made of?

A

soil and rocks

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4
Q

What is the mantle?

A

it is the second layer of the earth

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5
Q

What is the mantle made of?

A

rock that is hot, but not melted

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6
Q

What is the outer core?

A

it is the third layer of the earth

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7
Q

What is the outer core made of?

A

hot molten rock (melted)

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8
Q

What is the inner core?

A

fourth layer of the earth - hottest, solid

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9
Q

What is the inner core made of?

A

scientists think it is made of nickel and iron

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10
Q

What is soil made of?

A

rock, mineral particles, clay, sand, and living things and their remains (dead plants and animals)

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11
Q

What makes rocks break down?

A

weather - breaks down rocks, the surface becomes softer and decays, becomes soil

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12
Q

How long does it take for a few inches of soil to form?

A

thousands of years

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13
Q

What are minerals?

A

building blocks that make up rocks
in crystal form (prisms, cubes)
have a specific chemical composition

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14
Q

How are rocks and minerals different?

A

minerals are one pure substance

rocks are made of two or more minerals

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15
Q

What are rocks?

A

made up of two or more minerals

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16
Q

What are the three types of rocks?

A

sedimentary, metamorphic, igneous

17
Q

How do you classify rocks?

A

colour, lustre, texture, hardness, acid test

18
Q

What is lustre?

A

shininess of a rock (dull, glassy, metallic)

19
Q

What is texture?

A

how easily you can see minerals in a rock

fine, medium, coarse

20
Q

How do you do a hardness test?

A

fingernail, penny, nail, emery file

21
Q

What is weathering?

A

wind, water, and humans cause rocks to break down and become soil

22
Q

What are igneous rocks?

A

formed from hot magma inside the earth
fire rocks
magma cools to form rock

23
Q

What are sedimentary rocks?

A

rocks that are made of particles formed in layers

pressure squeezes the layers together

24
Q

What are metamorphic rocks?

A

changed rocks

changed by heat and pressure (squeezing)

25
Q

What are three examples of igneous rock?

A

granite, volcanic glass, basalt, obsidian

26
Q

What are three examples of sedimentary rock?

A

sandstone, limestone, chalk, volcanic tuft, shale

27
Q

What are three examples of metamorphic rock?

A

marble, slate, quartzite

28
Q

What is magma?

A

hot melted rock (molten rock)

Science (4 decks)

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