CSI Flashcards
What are the four types of finger prints?
loop, whorl, arch, composite
What are four ways to categorize a fingerprint?
bifurcation, lake, ridge ending, island
What is bifurcation on a fingerprint?
one ridge splits to form two ridges and then rejoin to one ridge again, forming a shape like a lake
What is a lake on a fingerprint?
a ridge in the shape of a circle or oval
What is a ridge ending?
a ridge ends
What is an island on a fingerprint?
a very short ridge in the print pattern, is not connected to any other ridge, much like an island floating by itself.
What are three ways to recognize that a human being was recently in a room?
fingerprints, footprints, items moved, electronics left on, lights left on, windows or blinds open
What are three ways to recognize evidence of animal activity in an outdoor setting?
scat, trampled plants, remains of a meal, tracks
What properties would you use to compare a soil sample
colour, texture, odour, content, particle size, particle shape, pH
What do good detectives do?
pay attention to their surroundings, ask logical questions, contact people like forensic dentists and artists
What skills do good detectives have?
observant, ready, reassuring but sterm and commanding
What is an inference?
a statement or judgement made based on an observation, but cannot be directly observed itself (I think…because…)
What is a pattern?
a ring of suspicious events or clues related to each other or something
What does investigate mean?
is to look over a crime or case and try to find out information to solve it.
What is evidence?
clues in an investigation used to find a suspect or close a case
What is an observation
interpreting or describing with the five senses
What are the 5 senses?
touch, sight, smell, taste, sound (hear)
What is classifying?
to put objects into groups based on directly observable properties
What is quantifying?
describing or comparing objects using measurements or numbers
What are methods of quantifying?
time, length, volume, mass, speed
What is questioning
asking thoughtful questions to gather necessary and accurate information
Communicating
describing objects, events of finding (research) so other can understand your results
What properties are used to identify animal tracks?
direction of travel, length and width, straddle, stride
direction of travel
shows where the animal was going and where it has been
length and width
gives us an idea of the size of the animal
straddle
the distance inside the print, tells us how far apart the legs are
stride
tells us whether the animal was walking or running - the further apart the strides the faster the animal moving
How can you estimate the weight of an animal?
compare the depth of a track to your own
Which animal would have about the same depth of print as you?
a wolf that weighs about 45kilograms (100 pounds)
Which animal would have a shallower print than you?
coyotes (18 Kilograms/40 pounds)
Which animal would have a deeper print than you?
black bear (100 kilograms - 200)
bounder
leap into the air and land with four feet eg. weasel
pacers
one front paw and one back paw beside each other eg. bears
diagonal walkers
cats, dogs
two toed (cloven-hoof)
deer, elk, moose, bison, mountain goats, wild sheep
four toed animals
cats (cougar lynx), dogs (wolf, coyote, fox), rabbits
five toed animals
weasels (badgers, wolverines, mink) bears, otters,skunks, beavers
four in front, five in back
mice, squirrels, pika, porcupine, ground squirrels.
foot print size =
15% of total height
formula foot - height
footprint/height = 15/100 cross multiply and divide
graphology
study of penmanship
fabric forensics tests
wrinkling, stretch, absorbency, colour, colourfastness, flammability
testing tracks
location, tread width, number of grooves, width of grooves, tread pattern, worn areas, texture
jumping
feet are close together, landing on two and two or all four, distance between track is great
alternating tracks, no bunching of tracks, close distance between
walking
tracks still alternating, distance between tracks spreading out
casual gait
distinct feet, large distance between tracks
running
tracks begin to bunch together, distance increases
easy loping
steady gait, distance increases
loping
common indicators in comparing handwriting samples
spacing and slant of letters, spacing of words, pressure on the page, formation of loops, dotting of letters, crossing of t, how letters are joined, combination of printing and writing, size of words and letters, formation of x,q, extraneous marks on page or ornaments, writing tool used
fabric/cloth/textile
formed from thread together (weave, knit, knot)
thread
can be pulled out of a piece of fabric
fibre (fiber)
need a microscope
types of fabric
synthetic, natural
synthetic fabric
polyester, acrylic, nylon, spandex
natural fabric
wool, silk,cotton
