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EARTH Sci > ROCKS AND MINERALS > Flashcards

ROCKS AND MINERALS Flashcards

1
Q

• Study of minerals
• building blocks of rocks
• naturally occuring
• involves organic process — does not require living organisms
• chemically specific

A

Mineralogy

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2
Q

A scientist who studies and determines the physical and chemical properties of minerals.

A

Mineralogist

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3
Q

3 common rock forming minerals

A

• one of the most abundant minerals on Earth’s crust
• one of the original minerals present at the time of crustal rocks formation (solidification of molten material)
• an important mineral in determining classification of a rock

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4
Q

One common mineral that is found in ghe continental crust and contains felsic rocks

A

Plagioclase Feldspar 39%

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5
Q

Why is felsic rocks abundant than mafic?

A

Because continental crust is older and it piles up. Not unlike oceanic crust where it generates new crust from time to time.

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6
Q

Physical properties!!

A

• Color
• Streak
• Hardness
• Cleavage and fracture
• Crystalline structure
• Transparency and diaphaneity
• Magnetism
• Tenacity
• Luster
• Specific gravity

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7
Q

• easiest to identify
• more bright color means more pure and as concentrated in a particular material

A

Color

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8
Q

Streak

A

• colors of minerals in powder form
‼️Color may differ when pulverized

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9
Q

Hardness

A

• resistance to scratching
MOHS HARDNESS SCALE
1 = least hard: Talc = chalk
10 = most hard: Diamond

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10
Q

Cleavage and Fracture

A

• describes how the minerals break into pieces
Cleavage: flat surface smooth
Fracture: uneven, rough

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11
Q

Crystalline structure

A

• It is how atoms are arranged to form a mineral
• also known as crystal lattice

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12
Q

Transparency or diapheneity

A

• the degree to which light is transmitted through a mineral.

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13
Q

Magnetism

A

• the ability of mineral to attract or repel other materials.
Ex. Magnetite

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14
Q

Tenacity

A

• the ability of mineral to resists breakage
> Brittle - easy to break
> Malleable - easy to shape/flattened
> Elastic - stretchable
> Sectile - cut into sections
Ex. Diamond has low tenacity

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15
Q

Describes how the mineral appears to reflect light, and how brilliant or dull the mineral is.

A

Luster
• metallic - more reflection

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16
Q

Measures the density of a mineral

Higher concentration = more dense, high value
Less concentration = not so much

A

Specific gravity

17
Q

Chemical property of Silicate Class and where can it be found

A

• SI04
• found in the continental crust
• Largest and most abundant
• Quartz (SI02)

18
Q

Chemical property of carbonate class and where can it be found

A
  • C03
  • common underwater
  • formed from dead bodies of marine organisms
  • Calcite
19
Q

Chemical property of sulphate class and where can it be commonly found

A

• S04 - Poly Atomic
• found where salty water slowly evaporates
• Gypsum (Cas0lO4 = 2H20)

20
Q

Chemical property of Halide Class and where can it be commonly found?

A
  • Halogens 7a
  • contains natural salt which usually come from lakes, ponds
  • Flourite
21
Q

Chemical property of Oxide Class and where can it be commonly found

A
  • O
  • Hematite
22
Q

Chemical property of sulphide

A
  • S-² mono atomic
  • Galena
23
Q

Why are minerals important in the society?

A

• have a big component in the economic value

24
Q

is the process of mineral extraction from a rock seam or ore –a natural rock or sediment containing one or more valuable mineral.

A

Mining

25
Q

2 types of mining

A

Surface mining
Underground mining

26
Q

Surface Mining

A

Open pit mining
Strip mining
Mountaintop removal
Placer mining

27
Q

Underground mining

A

Drift mining
Shaft mining
Slope mining

28
Q

MIneral Processing

A

Sampling - removal of portion for analysis

Analysis - evaluation of valuable component

Comminution - components are separated

Concentration - separation of valuable mineral from raw materials

Dewatering - converts concentration to usable minerals

EARTH Sci (4 decks)

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