Classification Of Igneous, Sedimentary, and Meta Flashcards
• An aggregate if one or more minerals, a body if undifferentiated mineral matter; solid, organic matter.
• Underwent crystallization more than once.
Rocks
Rock types
Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic
Formed from solidification and cooling of molten material, composed of SILICATES (Silica, SiO2) Al, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe
Igneous Rocks
2 types of Igneous Rocks
Intrusive
Extrusive
Classifications of Intrusive igneous rock
• Also called Plutonic
• Occurs inside or below Earth’s Surface
• Undergoes slow cooling
• Which allows larger crystals to form
Example: Granite
Classification of Extrusive igneous rocks
• also called volcanic
• occurred on the surface of the earth
• rapid cooling
• glassy and/or fine-grained texture
• Example: Basalt
Igneous rocks are composed of?
SILICATES
SIlica (SiO2)
Al
Ca
Na
K
Mg
Fe
2 major groups of silicate minerals
• Dark Silicates
- low in silica
- Fe and/or Mg
- Mafic rocks
• Light Silicates
- High in silica
- K, Na, Ca
- Felsic rocks
Group according to light and dark minerals proportion
• Granitic composition
• Andesitic composition
• Basaltic composition
• ultramafic composition
Igneous rocks textures
• Fine grained (Aphanitic) - Rocks are made up of small individual minerals which can be distinguished through a microscope
• Course grained (Phaneritic) - large enough to be seen w/o a microscope
• Porphyritic - rocks with large crystals (phenocrysts) embedded in a matrix of snaller crystals (groundmass)
• Vesicular,- rocks with voids (vesicles) which represent gas bubbles (rapid cooling)
• Glassy texture - rocks made up of small individual minerals which can be also distinguished through a microscope
• Pyroclastic/Fragmental texture - rock which shows a mixture of rock fragments, pumice, and volcanic ash.
Elements are reduced as temperature goes down
Bowen’s reaction series
what are the 3 parts of Bowen’s Reaction Series
Discontinues
Continues
Felsic
what is discontinues in bowen’s reaction series?
the rocks changes in mineral composition
what is continues in bowen’s reaction series?
shows gradual changes but only changes the formation of atoms.
what is felsic in bowen’s reaction series?
crystallization sequence of minerals.
Explain Magmatic Differentiation
In relation to Bowen’s Reaction Series, there are many types of igneous rocks because of changes in the temperature.
A single melt can produce a wide variety of different igneous rocks
The process by which sediments combine to form _________________
Sedimentary rocks
formed from fragment of pre-existing rocks, grains, matrix, and cement
Clastic
lithify from the remains of organisms both plants and animals
Organic
Chemical rocks star out as a solution of water, ions and sediment and are formed via evaporation of water
Chemical
formation of sedimentary rocks
Weathering Rocks
Transportation
Deposition
Compaction
Cementation
changes pre-existing rocks into new forms because of increase in temperature and pressure
Metamorphic Rocks
2 types of metamorphism
Low grade
High grade
This happens when rock is heated up by an intrusion of hot magma
Contact Metamorphism
Affects large volumes, regions of rocks
occurs inside the plate boundary
Regional Metamorphism
Meteors suddenly falls to earth
Shock metamorphism
Earth’s HEAT SOURCE
Primordial
Radiogenic
Heat coming from the spontaneous nuclear disintegration
Radiogenic Heat
heat coming from the early formation of the Earth, materials aggregate
Primordial
Sources of Heat Transfer
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
SOURCES OF HEAT TRANSFER
Transmitted through collision or neighboring atoms/molecules
Conduction
SOURCE OF HEAT
Less dense material rising, cooler, denser sinks back
Convection
Energy that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light
Radiation
Metamorphic Rocks-Texture
Foliated
Non-Foliated
Metamorphic rock texture
Mainly due to pressure and squeezing component from regional metamorphism
Foliated
Doesn’t follow specific pattern due to heat because we have source of heat
non-layered/non-foliated
Formation of Sedimentary Rocks
Weathering Rocks
Transportation
Deposition
Compaction
Sementation
It is a formation of sedimentary rocks that refers to the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the earth
Weathering rocks
It is a formation of sedimentary rocks
As the process of weathering proceeds the products are carried off.
Transportation
It is a formation of sedimentary rocks that refers to the laying down of sediment carried by the wind, flowing water, the sea, or ice
Deposition
It is a formation of sedimentary rocks
It is the process of squishing air or water from between particles of sediment.
Compaction
It is a formation of sedimentary rocks it is the process of minerals sticking individual grains of sediment together.
Cementation
