Classification Of Igneous, Sedimentary, and Meta

Question 1

• An aggregate if one or more minerals, a body if undifferentiated mineral matter; solid, organic matter.

• Underwent crystallization more than once.

Answer 1

Rocks

Question 2

Rock types

Answer 2

Igneous
Sedimentary
Metamorphic

Question 3

Formed from solidification and cooling of molten material, composed of SILICATES (Silica, SiO2) Al, Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe

Answer 3

Igneous Rocks

Question 4

2 types of Igneous Rocks

Answer 4

Intrusive
Extrusive

Question 5

Classifications of Intrusive igneous rock

Answer 5

• Also called Plutonic
• Occurs inside or below Earth’s Surface
• Undergoes slow cooling
• Which allows larger crystals to form
Example: Granite

Question 6

Classification of Extrusive igneous rocks

Answer 6

• also called volcanic
• occurred on the surface of the earth
• rapid cooling
• glassy and/or fine-grained texture
• Example: Basalt

Question 7

Igneous rocks are composed of?

Answer 7

SILICATES
SIlica (SiO2)
Al
Ca
Na
K
Mg
Fe

Question 8

2 major groups of silicate minerals

Answer 8

• Dark Silicates
- low in silica
- Fe and/or Mg
- Mafic rocks

• Light Silicates
- High in silica
- K, Na, Ca
- Felsic rocks

Question 9

Group according to light and dark minerals proportion

Answer 9

• Granitic composition
• Andesitic composition
• Basaltic composition
• ultramafic composition

Question 10

Igneous rocks textures

Answer 10

• Fine grained (Aphanitic) - Rocks are made up of small individual minerals which can be distinguished through a microscope

• Course grained (Phaneritic) - large enough to be seen w/o a microscope

• Porphyritic - rocks with large crystals (phenocrysts) embedded in a matrix of snaller crystals (groundmass)

• Vesicular,- rocks with voids (vesicles) which represent gas bubbles (rapid cooling)

• Glassy texture - rocks made up of small individual minerals which can be also distinguished through a microscope

• Pyroclastic/Fragmental texture - rock which shows a mixture of rock fragments, pumice, and volcanic ash.

Question 11

Elements are reduced as temperature goes down

Answer 11

Bowen’s reaction series

Question 12

what are the 3 parts of Bowen’s Reaction Series

Answer 12

Discontinues
Continues
Felsic

Question 13

what is discontinues in bowen’s reaction series?

Answer 13

the rocks changes in mineral composition

Question 14

what is continues in bowen’s reaction series?

Answer 14

shows gradual changes but only changes the formation of atoms.

Question 15

what is felsic in bowen’s reaction series?

Answer 15

crystallization sequence of minerals.

Question 16

Explain Magmatic Differentiation

Answer 16

In relation to Bowen’s Reaction Series, there are many types of igneous rocks because of changes in the temperature.

A single melt can produce a wide variety of different igneous rocks

Question 17

The process by which sediments combine to form _________________

Answer 17

Sedimentary rocks

Question 18

formed from fragment of pre-existing rocks, grains, matrix, and cement

Answer 18

Clastic

Question 19

lithify from the remains of organisms both plants and animals

Answer 19

Organic

Question 20

Chemical rocks star out as a solution of water, ions and sediment and are formed via evaporation of water

Answer 20

Chemical

Question 21

formation of sedimentary rocks

Answer 21

Weathering Rocks
Transportation
Deposition
Compaction
Cementation

Question 22

changes pre-existing rocks into new forms because of increase in temperature and pressure

Answer 22

Metamorphic Rocks

Question 23

2 types of metamorphism

Answer 23

Low grade
High grade

Question 24

This happens when rock is heated up by an intrusion of hot magma

Answer 24

Contact Metamorphism

Question 25

Affects large volumes, regions of rocks

occurs inside the plate boundary

Answer 25

Regional Metamorphism

Question 26

Meteors suddenly falls to earth

Answer 26

Shock metamorphism

Question 27

Earth’s HEAT SOURCE

Answer 27

Primordial
Radiogenic

Question 28

Heat coming from the spontaneous nuclear disintegration

Answer 28

Radiogenic Heat

Question 29

heat coming from the early formation of the Earth, materials aggregate

Answer 29

Primordial

Question 30

Sources of Heat Transfer

Answer 30

Conduction
Convection
Radiation

Question 31

SOURCES OF HEAT TRANSFER
Transmitted through collision or neighboring atoms/molecules

Answer 31

Conduction

Question 32

SOURCE OF HEAT
Less dense material rising, cooler, denser sinks back

Answer 32

Convection

Question 33

Energy that comes from a source and travels through space at the speed of light

Answer 33

Radiation

Question 34

Metamorphic Rocks-Texture

Answer 34

Foliated
Non-Foliated

Question 35

Metamorphic rock texture

Mainly due to pressure and squeezing component from regional metamorphism

Answer 35

Foliated

Question 36

Doesn’t follow specific pattern due to heat because we have source of heat

Answer 36

non-layered/non-foliated

Question 37

Formation of Sedimentary Rocks

Answer 37

Weathering Rocks
Transportation
Deposition
Compaction
Sementation

Question 38

It is a formation of sedimentary rocks that refers to the breaking down or dissolving of rocks and minerals on the surface of the earth

Answer 38

Weathering rocks

Question 39

It is a formation of sedimentary rocks

As the process of weathering proceeds the products are carried off.

Answer 39

Transportation

Question 40

It is a formation of sedimentary rocks that refers to the laying down of sediment carried by the wind, flowing water, the sea, or ice

Answer 40

Deposition

Question 41

It is a formation of sedimentary rocks

It is the process of squishing air or water from between particles of sediment.

Answer 41

Compaction

Question 42

It is a formation of sedimentary rocks it is the process of minerals sticking individual grains of sediment together.

Answer 42

Cementation