History of the earth Flashcards
What is/are the use/s of this layering to the geologists?
they compare the rocks so they can have the idea of what event has occurred back then.
Principle of Uniformitarism
the idea that Earth has always changed in uniform ways and that the present is the key to the past.
Stratified Rocks
- are sedimentary rocks and these are layered rocks due to deposition
- may be formed by erosion
- stratification process
2 ways to identify stratified rocks
Absolute Dating
Relative Dating
determines the exact numerical age of a historical remaining
Absolute Dating
uses words like “older” or “younger” instead of numerical values
use to determine the age of rock by comparison
less advance technique
Relative Dating
Principles
- Principle of Superposition
- Principle of Original Horizontally
- Principle of Lateral Continuity
- Inclusions
- Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationship
- Principle of Faunal Succession
The principle that describes the youngest is on top; oldest is at the bottom
Principle of superposition
The principle that describes the sedimentary rocks are originally form in horizontal patterns
one layer after the other
Principle of original horizontally
the principle that describes all rock layers are laterally continuous and may be broken up or displaced by later events. what may have caused this?
- Principle of Lateral Continuity
- Partition
the principle that describes any material that becomes trapped within a rock or mineral during its formation
Inclusions
the principle that describes the geologic feature which cuts another is the youngest of the two feature.
Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationship
remains of species through time in a definite order and recognizable order
Principle of Faunal Succession
TYPES OF ABSOLUTE DATING
Radiometric Dating
Amino Acid Dating
Dendrochronology
Thermoluminescence
The type of absolute dating that determines the age of the sample by measuring the amount of a particular radioactive isotope present in the sample. The age can be determined by the rate of decay of that isotope.
Radiometric Dating
The type of absolute dating that determines The change in the protein content of a biological sample can be used to determine the age
Amino Acid Dating
It is a type of absolute dating that The number of annual growth rings of a dicot is used in this technique to determine the age of the tree.
Dendrochronology
It is a type of absolute dating This technique determines the final period during which the object absorbs light, emitting electrons. The age is determined for the emissions
thermoluminescence
the phenomenon of the spontaneous disintegration of unstable atomic nuclei to atomic nuclei to form more energetically stable atomic nuclei.
Radioactivity
the emission of energy in the form of ionizing radiation
Parent Isotopes
unstable radioactive isotopes
Daughter Isotopes
stable isotope produced by the radioactive decay of the parent isotope
Radioactive Decay
study the amounts of parent and daughter isotopes to date samples
Radioactive Dating
Radiometric Dating Methods
Radiocarbon Dating
Uranium-Lead Dating
Potassium-Argon Dating
Rubidium-Strontium Dating
A radiometric dating method used for dating wood, bones, shells, and other organic remains; C-14 has a half-life of 5,730 years
Radiocarbon Dating
A radiometric dating method used to determine the age of igneous rocks that are between 100 million years and a few billion years old
Uranium-Lead Dating
A radiometric dating method used to date igneous volcanic rocks that are 100,000 years to billions of years old
Potassium-Argon Dating
A radiometric dating method used with rocks which older than 10 million years.
Rubidium-Strontium Dating
time needed for half of a sample of a radioactive element to undergo radioactive decay and form daughter isotopes.
Half-life
