Rocks Flashcards
What rocks are made
Minerals
All rocks are made in the Earth’s ______
Lithosphere
A super hot liquid mixture just below the earths surface \
Magma
a broken down material caused by erosion and weathering
Sediments
elements found unmixed in Earths crust
Native Elements
substances made up of atoms and molecules geometrically shaped.
Crystals
the appearance of a mineral caused by the way it reflects light.
Lustre
a colour of a mineral as a powder
Streak
a measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material
hardness
wind, water, or other natural ocurrances that break rocks
Erosion
Rocks made from movement
Clastic rocks
A sedimentary rock mostly made of material formed by precipitation
Chemical rocks
Rocks made from dead things such as animals and plants
Organic rocks
The remains of something now dead
Fossils
Rocks that come from solidified Magma or lava
igneous rocks
An Igneous rock that forms when lava cools above the Earth’s surface
extrusive rocks
Pumice often floats on water as it is very light and full of holes that once contained gas
pumice
a dark, igneous rock formed from gassy lava that cools quickly
scoria
a material or substance that easily scratches another
abrasive
a dark, igneous rock with small crystals formed by fast cooling of hot lava
basalt
a black, glassy rock that breaks into pieces with smooth shell-like surfaces
obsidian
igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface
intrusive rocks
intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across
batholiths
a hard, igneous rock with different-coloured crystals large enough to see
granite
rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice
sedimentary rocks
the wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers and ice, and by human activity
erosion
flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods
floodplains
large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them
glaciers
what is left by movement of a glacier
moraines
a sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains
sandstone
a fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering
mudstone
a sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay
shale
a sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone
siltstone
sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together
conglomerate
a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms
limestone
a sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely
coal
a rock formed from salt.
rock salt
the process that changes rocks by pressure or heat
metamorphism
a rock formed from another rock that has been under heat or pressure
metamorphic rocks
a metamorphic rock formed as a result of pressure on granite
gneiss
a metamorphic rock made as a result of pressure on limestone
marble
A cycle where rocks change from one type to another
Rock Cycle
rocks mined to get a metal or other chemical within the rock
mineral ores
getting natural resources out of the earth
mining
Study of the effects of a project on the environment
environmental impact statement (EIS)
restored to its previous condition
rehabilitated
wasted rock removed from below soil
overburden
mining that cleans out soil and rocks on the surface of the land
open-cut mining
mining below the surface
underground mining
the time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone
Stone Age
a mixture of a metal with a non-metal or another metal
alloy
a fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken
flint
a process which tool stones such as flint or obsidian were struck with harder stones
percussion flaking
a scientist who studies fossils
palaeontologists
the age of one rock to the other
relative age
An animal that eats another animal
carnivores
animals that eat dead plant and animal material
scavengers
types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods
mould
fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints that was present when the rock was formed
trace fossils
something that is no longer living or alive
extinct
