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Year 8 Science > Rocks > Flashcards

Rocks Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What rocks are made

A

Minerals

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2
Q

All rocks are made in the Earth’s ______

A

Lithosphere

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3
Q

A super hot liquid mixture just below the earths surface \

A

Magma

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4
Q

a broken down material caused by erosion and weathering

A

Sediments

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5
Q

elements found unmixed in Earths crust

A

Native Elements

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6
Q

substances made up of atoms and molecules geometrically shaped.

A

Crystals

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7
Q

the appearance of a mineral caused by the way it reflects light.

A

Lustre

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8
Q

a colour of a mineral as a powder

A

Streak

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9
Q

a measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material

A

hardness

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10
Q

wind, water, or other natural ocurrances that break rocks

A

Erosion

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11
Q

Rocks made from movement

A

Clastic rocks

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12
Q

A sedimentary rock mostly made of material formed by precipitation

A

Chemical rocks

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13
Q

Rocks made from dead things such as animals and plants

A

Organic rocks

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14
Q

The remains of something now dead

A

Fossils

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15
Q

Rocks that come from solidified Magma or lava

A

igneous rocks

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16
Q

An Igneous rock that forms when lava cools above the Earth’s surface

A

extrusive rocks

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17
Q

Pumice often floats on water as it is very light and full of holes that once contained gas

A

pumice

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18
Q

a dark, igneous rock formed from gassy lava that cools quickly

A

scoria

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19
Q

a material or substance that easily scratches another

A

abrasive

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20
Q

a dark, igneous rock with small crystals formed by fast cooling of hot lava

A

basalt

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21
Q

a black, glassy rock that breaks into pieces with smooth shell-like surfaces

A

obsidian

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22
Q

igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the Earth’s surface

A

intrusive rocks

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23
Q

intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

A

batholiths

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24
Q

a hard, igneous rock with different-coloured crystals large enough to see

A

granite

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25
Q

rocks formed from sediments deposited by water, wind or ice

A

sedimentary rocks

26
Q

the wearing away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers and ice, and by human activity

A

erosion

27
Q

flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

A

floodplains

28
Q

large bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them

A

glaciers

29
Q

what is left by movement of a glacier

A

moraines

30
Q

a sedimentary rock with medium-sized grains

A

sandstone

31
Q

a fine-grained, sedimentary rock without layering

A

mudstone

32
Q

a sedimentary rock formed in layers by the consolidation of clay

A

shale

33
Q

a sedimentary rock with a particle size between that of sandstone and mudstone

A

siltstone

34
Q

sedimentary rock containing large particles of various sizes cemented together

A

conglomerate

35
Q

a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms

A

limestone

36
Q

a sedimentary rock formed from dead plants and animals that were buried before rotting completely

A

coal

37
Q

a rock formed from salt.

A

rock salt

38
Q

the process that changes rocks by pressure or heat

A

metamorphism

39
Q

a rock formed from another rock that has been under heat or pressure

A

metamorphic rocks

40
Q

a metamorphic rock formed as a result of pressure on granite

A

gneiss

41
Q

a metamorphic rock made as a result of pressure on limestone

A

marble

42
Q

A cycle where rocks change from one type to another

A

Rock Cycle

43
Q

rocks mined to get a metal or other chemical within the rock

A

mineral ores

44
Q

getting natural resources out of the earth

A

mining

45
Q

Study of the effects of a project on the environment

A

environmental impact statement (EIS)

46
Q

restored to its previous condition

A

rehabilitated

47
Q

wasted rock removed from below soil

A

overburden

48
Q

mining that cleans out soil and rocks on the surface of the land

A

open-cut mining

49
Q

mining below the surface

A

underground mining

50
Q

the time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

A

Stone Age

51
Q

a mixture of a metal with a non-metal or another metal

A

alloy

52
Q

a fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken

A

flint

53
Q

a process which tool stones such as flint or obsidian were struck with harder stones

A

percussion flaking

54
Q

a scientist who studies fossils

A

palaeontologists

55
Q

the age of one rock to the other

A

relative age

56
Q

An animal that eats another animal

A

carnivores

57
Q

animals that eat dead plant and animal material

A

scavengers

58
Q

types of fungi found growing on the surface of foods

A

mould

59
Q

fossils that provide evidence, such as footprints that was present when the rock was formed

A

trace fossils

60
Q

something that is no longer living or alive

A

extinct

Year 8 Science (5 decks)

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