Reproduction Systems Flashcards
organs that produce sperm and sex hormones
testes
skin holding the testes and protecting it
scrotum
sacs holding egg cells
follicles
tiny tubes joining the ovaries to the uterus
fallopian tubes
penetration of the ovum by a sperm
fertilisation
joining together of male and female reproductive cells
sexual reproduction
reproductive cells (sperm or ova) containing half the genetic information of normal cells
gametes
male reproductive cell
sperm
female gametes or sex cells
ova
cell formed by the fusion of two gametes
zygote
reproduction where the eggs are released by the female into water and fertilised by sperm released nearby
external fertilisation
reproduction where the egg remains in the female and is fertilised by sperm inserted into the female
internal fertilisation
the act of inserting sperm into the female
copulation
cell division process that results in new cells with half the number of chromosomes of the original cell
meiosis
a new branch of science that involves studying the effect of our experiences on the expression of our genetic information
epigenetics
genetic material passed on from both parents
nuclear DNA
genetic material from the mitochondria
mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)
release of sperm
ejaculation
combination of fluid and sperm
semen
twins developed from the same fertilised egg
identical twins
twins developed from different fertilised eggs
fraternal twins
the reproductive part of angiosperms containing petals, stamens and carpels
flowers
the coloured parts of a flower that attract insects
petals
parts of a flower, at the base of the petals, that secrete nectar
nectaries
fine powder containing the pollen grains (the male sex cells of a plant)
pollen
the female part of a flower, at the top of the carpel, that catches the pollen during pollination
stigma
transfer of pollen from the stamen (the male part) of a flower to the stigma (the female part) of a flower
pollination
transfer of pollen from the flower’s own stamen to its stigma
self-pollination
transfer of pollen from stamens of one flower to the stigma of a flower of another plant of the same species
cross-pollination
flowers that receive pollen carried on the body parts of insects from other flowers
insect-pollinated flowers
flower that receives pollen carried by the wind from another flower
wind-pollinated flowers
the male part of a flower that makes pollen
anthers
the male gametes of a flower
pollen grains
long tube growing from a pollen grain through the style to the ovule
pollen tube
the supporting part of a flower that holds the stigma
style
receptacle within an ovary that contains egg cells
ovules
in plants, the hollow, lower end of the carpel containing the ovules (the female egg cells); in animals, the female organ that produces ova and reproductive hormones
ovary
penetration of the ovum by a sperm
fertilisation
food supply for the embryo plant in a seed
endosperm
product of a fertilised ovule
seed
the protective layer around a seed
seed coat
ripened ovary of a flower, enclosing seeds
fruit
scatter the seeds from plants
disperse
