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Year 8 Science > Cells > Flashcards

Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

an instrument for viewing small objects

A

microscope

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2
Q

the smallest unit of life.

A

cells

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3
Q

instrument for viewing very small objects

A

light microscopes

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4
Q

instrument for viewing very small objects. An electron microscope is much more powerful than a light microscope and can magnify things up to a million times.

A

electron microscopes

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5
Q

describes a microscope through which the specimen is seen using one eye only

A

monocular

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6
Q

a microscope with two eyepieces

A

binocular

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7
Q

describes a microscope through which the specimen is viewed using both eyes

A

stereo

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8
Q

the number of times the image of an object has been enlarged using a lens or lens system

A

magnification

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9
Q

describes an organism having only one cell

A

unicellular

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10
Q

having many cells

A

multi cellular

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11
Q

a length of one millionth of a metre

A

micrometre

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12
Q

a unit of measurement equal to one billionth of a metre

A

nanometre

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13
Q

a rapidly developing field that includes studying and investigating cells and other objects of the smallest dimensions

A

nanotechnology

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14
Q

organism classified as belonging to the Prokaryotae kingdom

A

Prokaryotes

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15
Q

member of the group of organisms that has a membrane around the nucleus in each of their cells

A

eukaryote

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16
Q

structure that encloses the contents of a cell and allows the movement of some materials in and out

A

cell membrane

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17
Q

the fluid found inside cells

A

cytosol

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18
Q

small structures within a cell in which proteins such as enzymes are made

A

ribosomes

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19
Q

the jelly-like material inside a cell.

A

cytoplasm

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20
Q

the chemical reactions occurring within an organism that enable the organism to use energy and grow and repair cells

A

metabolism

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21
Q

reproduction by the division of an organism (usually a single cell) into two new organisms

A

binary fission

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22
Q

small rod-shaped organelles that supply energy to other parts of the cell

A

mitochondria

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23
Q

oval-shaped organelle found only in plant cells

A

chloroplasts

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24
Q

the chemical reaction involving oxygen that moves the energy in glucose into the compound ATP

A

cellular respiration

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25
Q

the food-making process in plants that takes place in chloroplasts within cells

A

photosynthesis

26
Q

the green-coloured chemical in plants that absorbs the light energy used in photosynthesis to make food from carbon dioxide and water

A

chlorophyll

27
Q

central part of an atom, made up of protons and neutrons

A

nucleus

28
Q

tiny, thread-like structure inside the nucleus of a cell

A

chromosomes

29
Q

the chemical substance found in all living things that encodes the genetic information of an organism

A

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

30
Q

cell division process that results in new cells with the same number of chromosomes as the original cell

A

mitosis

31
Q

identical copy

A

clones

32
Q

the process where the cytoplasm of a cell divides to form two daughter cells

A

cytokinesis

33
Q

disease that can be transferred from one organism to another

A

infectious diseases

34
Q

disease that cannot be transferred from one organism to another

A

non-infectious diseases

35
Q

substance derived from a micro-organism and used to kill bacteria in the body

A

antibiotics

36
Q

chemical used to kill bacteria on surfaces and non-living objects

A

disinfectants

37
Q

mild disinfectant used on body tissue to kill microbes

A

antiseptics

38
Q

describes an antiseptic that kills bacteria

A

bactericidal

39
Q

describes an antiseptic that stops bacteria from growing or dividing but doesn’t kill them

A

bacteriostatic

40
Q

type of tissue that transports sugars made in the leaves to other parts of a plant

A

phloem

41
Q

transport of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants

A

translocation

42
Q

pipelines for the flow of water up plants

A

xylem vessels

43
Q

a hard substance in the walls of dead xylem cells that make up the tubes carrying water up plant stems

A

lignin

44
Q

small openings mainly on the lower surface of leaves

A

stomata

45
Q

movement of water through a plant as a result of loss of water from the leaves

A

transpiration stream

46
Q

groups of xylem and phloem vessels within plant stems

A

vascular bundles

47
Q

loss of water from plant leaves through their stomata

A

transpiration

48
Q

cells on either side of a stoma that work together to control the opening and closing of the stoma

A

guard cells

49
Q

droop. Plant stems and leaves wilt when there is insufficient water in their cells.

A

wilt

50
Q

sacs within a cell used to store food and wastes

A

vacuoles

51
Q

describes cells that are not firm due to loss of water

A

flaccid

52
Q

describes something that is firm

A

turgid

53
Q

outermost layer of the skin

A

epidermis

54
Q

the medical name for the deeper part of the skin

A

dermis

55
Q

special cells that detect energy and convert it to electrical energy that is sent to the brain

A

receptors

56
Q

tiny, coiled tube in the skin through which water and salt are removed from the body, helping to control body temperature

A

sweat glands

57
Q

small opening in the skin. Perspiration reaches the surface of the skin through pores.

A

pores

58
Q

change state from a liquid to a gas. Evaporation occurs only from the surface of a liquid.

A

evaporates

59
Q

a disease resulting in the uncontrolled growth of body cells, forming tumours

A

cancer

60
Q

an abnormal growth

A

tumour

61
Q

describes a tumour that does not spread to other parts of the body

A

benign

62
Q

describes a type of tumour that damages cells and can spread to other parts of the body

A

malignant

Year 8 Science (5 decks)

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