Rocks Flashcards
Minerals
A naturally occurring substance that makes rocks
Lithosphere
the weakened outer part of the earths crust and upper mantle.
Magma
A liquid hot substance below the earths crust
Sediments
A substance that sinks to the bottom of a liquid
Native element
A naturally occurring substance in the earths crust e.g gold
igneous rocks
Magma that settles to a rock after cooled
extrusive rocks
Is the form of igneous rock but when it is first dyed as lava
pumice
Rock that’s been formed from dried lava
scoria
Igneous rock created by cold lava
abrasive
A substance that is easily scratched by another
basalt
Darker igneous rock that is formed from cold hot lava with wholes on it from old volcanic gasses homes
obsidian
A gasses black rock that breaks into small shell like piece
batholiths
100 kilometre intrusive rock
intrusive rocks
Cold magma below the earths surface
Granite
A large rock with visible coloured crystals that form underneath the earths surface
erosion
Sediments that are moved though weathering
floodplains
During floods when rivers break their banks sediments a flooded though flat land
glaciers
At the coldest part of the earth, body’s of ice float away from land
moraines.
The end of the glacier that handles the small particles that’s been scooped up by it
Coal
formed by the remains of dead plants that are buried by Over millions of years the compacting increases the temperature of the sediment and squeezes out the water, forming coal.
Limestone
is a sedimentary rock that is formed from deposits of the remains of sea organisms such as shellfish and corals
Sandstone
is formed from grains of sand that have been cemented together over a certain amount of time
Mudstone and shale
are formed from finer grains of sediment deposited by calm water in the form of mud
Siltstone
has grains larger than those of mudstone
Conglomerate
contains grains of different sizes that have been cemented together.
Sedimentary rocks
Rocks that have been moved from water, ice, or wind to make layers of rocks or layers of beds
metamorphic rocks
When metamorphism creates the rocks
metamorphism
The process of the temperature and pressure increasing on a sedimentary or igneous rock to create metamorphic rocks
Slate
Is the metamorphic rocks of shale, it is a rock exposed to heat and pressure
Marble
It contains the same minerals as limestone. Formed from limestone under heat a pressure
gneiss (pronounced ‘nice’)
The Metamorphic rocks that is mainly the result of great pressure can often be flat, and paper- like layers.
