3.8

Question 1

phloem

Answer 1

type of tissue that transports sugars made in the leaves to other parts of a plant

Question 2

translocation

Answer 2

transport of materials, such as water and glucose, in plants

Question 3

xylem vessels

Answer 3

pipelines for the flow of water up plants. They are made up of the remains of dead xylem cells fitted end to end with the joining walls broken down. Lignin in the cell walls gives them strength.

Question 4

lignin

Answer 4

a hard substance in the walls of dead xylem cells that make up the tubes carrying water up plant stems. Lignin forms up to 30 per cent of the wood of trees.

Question 5

stomata

Answer 5

small openings mainly on the lower surface of leaves. These pores are opened and closed by guard cells. Singular = stoma.

Question 6

transpiration stream.

Answer 6

movement of water through a plant as a result of loss of water from the leaves

Question 7

vascular bundles

Answer 7

groups of xylem and phloem vessels within plant stems

Question 8

transpiration

Answer 8

loss of water from plant leaves through their stomata

Question 9

Guard cells

Answer 9

cells on either side of a stoma that work together to control the opening and closing of the stoma

Question 10

wilt

Answer 10

Plant stems and leaves wilt when there is insufficient water in their cells.

Question 11

vacuoles

Answer 11

sacs within a cell used to store food and wastes. Plant cells usually have one large vacuole. Animal cells have several small vacuoles or none at all.

Question 12

flaccid

Answer 12

describes cells that are not firm due to loss of water

Question 13

turgid

Answer 13

describes something that is firm