Rocks Flashcards
What is an igneous rock?
An igneous rock is a rock that is formed from the cooling of magma or lava. They contain crystals.
What is an extrusive igneous rock?
An extrusive igneous rock also known as a volcanic rock is a rock formed on the surface when a volcano erupts. They cool quickly and have smaller crystals because of it.
What are three examples of extrusive igneous rocks?
Pumice, Obsidian, Andesite, Rhyolite, Basalt
What is an intrusive igneous rock?
An intrusive igneous rock also known as a Plutonic rock is a rock formed under the surface from the leftover magma in a volcano. They cool slowly and have larger crystals because of it.
What are three examples of an intrusive igneous rock?
Granite, Gabbro, Diorite, Pegmatite, Peridotite.
What is a sedimentary rock?
A sedimentary rock is formed when sediments are compacted and compressed over long periods of time.
What are three examples of sedimentary rocks?
Shale, Limestone, Sandstone, Chalk, Clay
What are the three types of sedimentary rocks?
Clastic, Organic, and Chemical
How are clastic sedimentary rocks formed?
They are formed from rock fragments that are weathered and eroded by glaciers, wind, rivers, and waves.
How are organic sedimentary rocks formed?
They are formed from the remains of plants and animals.
How are chemical sedimentary rocks formed?
They are formed from the chemicals dissolved in water.
What are metamorphic rocks?
They are rocks formed from igneous or sedimentary rocks that have underwent heat and pressure.
What are three examples of metamorphic rocks?
Gneiss, Slate, Marble, Schist, Quartzite
What are the two types of metamorphic rocks?
Contact and regional metamorphic rocks.
What are contact metamorphic rocks?
They are rocks that are formed when a hot substance heats up pre-existing rocks in the area, changing them into metamorphic rocks.
What are regional metamorphic rocks?
They are rocks formed when two tectonic plates push against each other putting immense force on the rocks, changing them into metamorphic rocks.
what are sediments?
Sediments are fragments of rocks that have been broken down.
Describe the rock cycle.
First, a volcano erupts and the magma and lava that have cooled down form igneous rocks. Igneous rocks can either undergo intense heat and pressure to form metamorphic rocks or they can get weathered to form sediments which then are compacted and compressed into sedimentary rocks. Sedimentary rocks can either melt to form magma and then cool into an igneous rock or become a metamorphic rock. A metamorphic rock can turn into sediments by weathering or melt and continue the rock cycle again.
