Rocks Flashcards
The lithosphere extends down to ______ km
100
Naturally occurring aggregate or combination of minerals and mineraloids
Rocks
Rocks are processed deep in the surface through the ______
Rock cycle
Rocks formed through the cooling of magma or lava
Igneous
Igneous rocks formed through the slow cooling of magma
Plutonic rocks/intrusive rocks
Rocks formed from the fast cooling lava in the surface
Volcanic/extrusive rocks
Particles erupted from explosive volcanic eruptions
Pyroclastic flows
Rocks accumulated in the surface due to weathering and erosion
Sedimentary Rocks
Process by which materials solidified into rocks are called _______.
Lithification
Sedimentary rocks in the earth’s surface are accumulated via ________.
Deposition
Formed from the exposure of sedimentary rocks or igneous rocks to high pressure, temperature, or both
Metamorphic rocks
Refers to size, shape and arrangement of the rock
Texture
Rock 1: rocks that are small and tiny to identify
Aphanitic rocks
Rocks 2: grains that are large to see anf identify
Phaneritic
If the grain size is larger than 1/6 nm, then the rock is _________
Phaneritic
If the grain size is smaller than 1/6 nm, then the rock is __________.
Aphanitic
____________ are naturally occurring, inorganic, homogenous solids, definite chemical composition, and in crystalline pattern
Minerals
Quality of light to the rock’s surface
Luster
Caused by absorption, or lack thereof of visible light
Color
Color of a powdered mineral when rubbed to a surface
Streak
Ability to resist scratching
Hardness
A scale used to determine the hardness of a mineral.
Mohs hardness scale (1-10)
Tendency of a mineral to split along planes of weakness
Cleavage
Measure of relative density of a mineral.
Specific gravity
S.G = mass of mineral/mass of equal volume of water
Specific Gravity
