Endogenic Processes Flashcards
Eruption of molten rock onto the earth’s surface
Volcanism
Molten rock deep below the surface
Magma
Change in temperature
Geothermal gradient
Long narrow zones where one lithospheric plate descends into another
Subduction zone
Melting caused by decreasing pressure
Pressure-release melting
A process where texture and mineral components of a rock change
Metamorphism
Created by the interaction of a subducting oceanic lithosphere and a mantle along a convergence
Friction
Vent in the surface where magma is released during an eruption
Volcano
Change in the rock’s shape and size
Deformation
Typr of deformation where rocks are subjected to tectonic forces on both sides
Folding
If there are no movement in both sides of the fracture, then it is called a ________.
Joint
Movement on either side of the tectonic plate, then it is called a ________.
Fault
Result of displacement of rock layer or strata along a fault
Faulting
Vertical movement of the plates
Dip-slip faults
Horizontal and parallel movement in the fault
Strike-slip fault
Two plates moving away from each other
Divergence / Normal fault
Two plates moving into each other
Convergence / Reverse fault
Rocks are pushed in opposite direction
Transform fault
Proposal that continents has always been stationary and not moving
Continental acrretion theory
Explains how oceans accumulated the denser elements then subsided to form basins
Continental assimation hypothesis
Present continents split apart with the expansion of Earth.
Expanding Earth hypothesis
Gradual movement of plates over time
Continental Drift
Large slabs in the crust’s upper layer
Plates
Movement of these plates above a fluid of molten rock
Plate tectonics
A supercontinent existed between 275 - 175 MA
Pangaea
Explains that continents are moving and smashing and separating in the span of Earth’s history. Proposed by Alfred Wegener
Continental Drift Theory
Tectonic plates diverging apart from each other, creating new crust on it’s way.
Seafloor spreading
Large mountain ranges rising from the sea-floor as a result of seafloor spreading
Mid-ocean ridges
When two plates crashes to each other as a result of continental movement
Subduction
Tectonic plates crash into each other instead of moving apart
Subduction
