Robbins Ch 12 Cardiac Pathology Part 3 Flashcards
Deposition of small sterile/non-infectious thrombi (vegetations) on the leaflets of the cardiac valves is known as?
Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE)
What does Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis occur on?
Due to what?
1) Previously normal valves
2) Hypercoagulable state
The hypercoagulable state seen with NBTE is usually caused by what underlying condition?
Mucinous adenocarcinoma
Libman Sacks Endocarditis is occasionally encountered in what condition?
SLE (Antiphospholipid syndrome)
What valve is more frequently involved with Libman Sacks Endocarditis?
What is the usual function abnormality?
1) Mitral valve
2) Regurgitation
What is affected with carcinoid heart disease?
Right heart valves
The severity of the cardiac lesions of carcinoid heart disease are directly correlated with what metabolite?
5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid
What are the typical findings associated with carcinoid heart disease?
1) Tricuspid insufficiency
2) Pulmonary stenosis
What potential complication arises in prosthetic mechanical valves?
In Bioprosthesis valves?
1) Thromboembolism
2) Structural deterioration
Which type of cardiomyopathy is acute?
Which is chronic?
1) Dilated
2) Hypertrophic
What is the most common genetic mutation of dilated cardiomyopathy?
What is the inheritance pattern?
1) TTN (titin)
2) AD
Myocarditis is a potential cause of dilated cardiomyopathy especially if?
Prior Coxsackie B virus infection
What is a cause of dilated cardiomyopathy due to direct toxicity and is indistinguishable from other kinds of causes?
Alcohol
What drug can cause dilated cardiomyopathy?
Doxorubicin (chemotherapy)
What can cause dilated cardiomyopathy due to multiple infusions?
Iron overload
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy is associated with defective cell adhesion proteins in the?
Desmosomes
Arrhythmia RV cardiomyopathy and hyperkeratosis of plantar/palmar skin is termed?
It is associated with mutations in the gene encoding what desomosome-associated protein?
1) Naxos syndrome
2) Plakoglobin
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy leads to what dysfunction?
It is the leading cause of unexplained?
1) Diastolic Dysfunction
2) Left ventricular hypertrophy
What is seen on histology for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?
Cardiac myofiber disarray
What is seen clinically with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy due to obstruction of outflow?
Harsh Systolic Ejection Murmur
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of?
Sudden unexplained death in athletes
Normal sized ventricles, no dilation, but with firm chambers and enlarged atria describes what type of cardiomyopathy?
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
What type of restrictive cardiomyopathy has peripheral eosinophilia?
Loeffler Endomyocarditis
What are the most common causes in the U.S. of myocarditis?
Coxsackie viruses A and B and other enterovirus
Deposits in senile cardiac amyloidosis are mostly composed of?
It mostly results in?
1) Transthyretin
2) Restrictive cardiomyopathy
How does normal pericardial fluid present?
<50 mL of straw-colored, thin, serous fluid
Pericardial effusion leads to?
Compression of the thin-walled atria and venae cavae, or the ventricles themselves
What is the most common type of pericarditis?
Fibrinous and Serofibrinous Pericarditis
How does Fibrinous and Serofibrinous Pericarditis present?
Loud pericardial friction rub with pain
What type of pericarditis is almost always caused by TB, though can be fungal?
Caseous Pericarditis
Adhesive Mediastinopericarditis has what notable clinical finding?
Pulsus paradoxus (abnormally large decrease in stroke volume, systolic blood pressure and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration)
What type of pericarditis limits diastolic relaxation and mimics a restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Constrictive Pericarditis
What are the 3 most common tumors in the heart?
How are they all characterized?
1) Myxomas, fibromas, and lipomas
2) Benign
Myxomas are benign neoplasms that arise in?
They are characterized by?
1) Left atria
2) Vessel-like or gland-like structures
What are the most common primary tumor in pediatrics?
Rhabdomyoma
Rhabdomyoma are commonly discovered in the first years of life because of?
Obstruction of a valvular orifice or cardiac chamber
The most common carcinomas that spread to the heart are carcinomas of the?
Lung and breast
What are the most common indications for heart transplant?
1) Dilated cardiomyopathy
2) Ischemic heart disease
What is the single most important long term limitation for cardiac transplantation because they can lead to silent MI?
Allograft arteriopathy
