Robbins Ch 12 Cardiac Pathology Part 3

Question 1

Deposition of small sterile/non-infectious thrombi (vegetations) on the leaflets of the cardiac valves is known as?

Answer 1

Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis (NBTE)

Question 2

What does Nonbacterial Thrombotic Endocarditis occur on?

Due to what?

Answer 2

1) Previously normal valves

2) Hypercoagulable state

Question 3

The hypercoagulable state seen with NBTE is usually caused by what underlying condition?

Answer 3

Mucinous adenocarcinoma

Question 4

Libman Sacks Endocarditis is occasionally encountered in what condition?

Answer 4

SLE (Antiphospholipid syndrome)

Question 5

What valve is more frequently involved with Libman Sacks Endocarditis?

What is the usual function abnormality?

Answer 5

1) Mitral valve

2) Regurgitation

Question 6

What is affected with carcinoid heart disease?

Answer 6

Right heart valves

Question 7

The severity of the cardiac lesions of carcinoid heart disease are directly correlated with what metabolite?

Answer 7

5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid

Question 8

What are the typical findings associated with carcinoid heart disease?

Answer 8

1) Tricuspid insufficiency

2) Pulmonary stenosis

Question 9

What potential complication arises in prosthetic mechanical valves?

In Bioprosthesis valves?

Answer 9

1) Thromboembolism

2) Structural deterioration

Question 10

Which type of cardiomyopathy is acute?

Which is chronic?

Answer 10

1) Dilated

2) Hypertrophic

Question 11

What is the most common genetic mutation of dilated cardiomyopathy?

What is the inheritance pattern?

Answer 11

1) TTN (titin)

2) AD

Question 12

Myocarditis is a potential cause of dilated cardiomyopathy especially if?

Answer 12

Prior Coxsackie B virus infection

Question 13

What is a cause of dilated cardiomyopathy due to direct toxicity and is indistinguishable from other kinds of causes?

Answer 13

Alcohol

Question 14

What drug can cause dilated cardiomyopathy?

Answer 14

Doxorubicin (chemotherapy)

Question 15

What can cause dilated cardiomyopathy due to multiple infusions?

Answer 15

Iron overload

Question 16

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy is associated with defective cell adhesion proteins in the?

Answer 16

Desmosomes

Question 17

Arrhythmia RV cardiomyopathy and hyperkeratosis of plantar/palmar skin is termed?

It is associated with mutations in the gene encoding what desomosome-associated protein?

Answer 17

1) Naxos syndrome

2) Plakoglobin

Question 18

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy leads to what dysfunction?

It is the leading cause of unexplained?

Answer 18

1) Diastolic Dysfunction

2) Left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 19

What is seen on histology for Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy?

Answer 19

Cardiac myofiber disarray

Question 20

What is seen clinically with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy due to obstruction of outflow?

Answer 20

Harsh Systolic Ejection Murmur

Question 21

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is the most common cause of?

Answer 21

Sudden unexplained death in athletes

Question 22

Normal sized ventricles, no dilation, but with firm chambers and enlarged atria describes what type of cardiomyopathy?

Answer 22

Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Question 23

What type of restrictive cardiomyopathy has peripheral eosinophilia?

Answer 23

Loeffler Endomyocarditis

Question 24

What are the most common causes in the U.S. of myocarditis?

Answer 24

Coxsackie viruses A and B and other enterovirus

Question 25

Deposits in senile cardiac amyloidosis are mostly composed of?

It mostly results in?

Answer 25

1) Transthyretin

2) Restrictive cardiomyopathy

Question 26

How does normal pericardial fluid present?

Answer 26

<50 mL of straw-colored, thin, serous fluid

Question 27

Pericardial effusion leads to?

Answer 27

Compression of the thin-walled atria and venae cavae, or the ventricles themselves

Question 28

What is the most common type of pericarditis?

Answer 28

Fibrinous and Serofibrinous Pericarditis

Question 29

How does Fibrinous and Serofibrinous Pericarditis present?

Answer 29

Loud pericardial friction rub with pain

Question 30

What type of pericarditis is almost always caused by TB, though can be fungal?

Answer 30

Caseous Pericarditis

Question 31

Adhesive Mediastinopericarditis has what notable clinical finding?

Answer 31

Pulsus paradoxus (abnormally large decrease in stroke volume, systolic blood pressure and pulse wave amplitude during inspiration)

Question 32

What type of pericarditis limits diastolic relaxation and mimics a restrictive cardiomyopathy?

Answer 32

Constrictive Pericarditis

Question 33

What are the 3 most common tumors in the heart?

How are they all characterized?

Answer 33

1) Myxomas, fibromas, and lipomas

2) Benign

Question 34

Myxomas are benign neoplasms that arise in?

They are characterized by?

Answer 34

1) Left atria

2) Vessel-like or gland-like structures

Question 35

What are the most common primary tumor in pediatrics?

Answer 35

Rhabdomyoma

Question 36

Rhabdomyoma are commonly discovered in the first years of life because of?

Answer 36

Obstruction of a valvular orifice or cardiac chamber

Question 37

The most common carcinomas that spread to the heart are carcinomas of the?

Answer 37

Lung and breast

Question 38

What are the most common indications for heart transplant?

Answer 38

1) Dilated cardiomyopathy

2) Ischemic heart disease

Question 39

What is the single most important long term limitation for cardiac transplantation because they can lead to silent MI?

Answer 39

Allograft arteriopathy