Robbins Ch 11 Vascular Pathology part 2

Question 1

What are varicose veins due to?

Answer 1

Incompetence of venous valves

Question 2

Embolism is rarely seen with varicose veins involving?

When is it more commonly seen?

Answer 2

1) Superficial veins

2) Thrombosed deep veins

Question 3

Thrombophlebitis has an increased risk with?

This is the most important risk factor for?

Answer 3

1) Prolonged immobilization leading to venous stasis

2) DVT in LE

Question 4

What is the most common serious clinical complication of DVT, and is often the first manifestation of thrombophlebitis?

Answer 4

Pulmonary embolism

Question 5

Migratory Thrombophlebitis is associated with?

Found in what tissue?

Answer 5

1) Mucin-producing adenocarcinomas

2) Lung, ovary, pancreas

Question 6

Superior Vena Cava Syndrome is characterized by?

Answer 6

Marked dilation of the veins of head, neck and arms with cyanosis

Question 7

What bacterial infections are the most common cause of lymphangitis?

Answer 7

β-hemolytic streptococci (Lancefield Group A, Strep pyogenes)

Question 8

What notable clinical feature is seen with lymphedema?

It is due to persistent edema and deposition of interstitial CT when?

Answer 8

1) ‘Peau d’orange’

2) Draining lymphatics are clogged with tumor cells

Question 9

Malignant tumors of blood vessels are confirmed with endothelial cell specific markers such as?

Answer 9

1) CD31

2) von Willebrand Factor

Question 10

What is the most common form of vascular ectasia?

Answer 10

Nevus Flammeus

Question 11

What type of nevus flammeus do not fade over time?

Answer 11

Port Wine Stain

Question 12

What is associated with hyperestrogenic states like pregnancy or liver cirrhosis?

Answer 12

Spider Telangiectasia

Question 13

What are malformations composed of dilated capillaries and veins present at birth?

Answer 13

Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease)

Question 14

Spontaneous rupture of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease) leads to?

Answer 14

Serious epistaxis, hemoptysis, GI bleeding, or hematuria

Question 15

33% of hemangiomas are found in?

Answer 15

The liver

Question 16

How do juvenile hemangioma present?

Answer 16

Arise in the skin, grow rapidly then fade at 1-3 years, regress by 7 years

Question 17

Cavernous Hemangioma are unencapsulated, large cavernous blood-filled vascular space separated by?

Answer 17

CT stroma

Question 18

Cavernous Lymphangioma (cystic hygromas) are common in patients with?

Answer 18

Turners syndrome (XO)

Question 19

What are exquisitely painful, benign, tumors that are common in distal digits such as under fingernails?

Answer 19

Glomus Tumor (glomangioma)

Question 20

Where do hemangiomas arise from?

Where do glomangiomas arise from?

Answer 20

1) Endothelial cells

2) Smooth muscle cells

Question 21

Bacillary Angiomatosis can be caused by?

What leads to VEGF release?

What stain should be used to visualize?

Answer 21

1) Bartonella henselae (Cat Scratch Disease)
2) HIF1 induction
3) Warthin-Starry stain

Question 22

Is classic Kaposi Sarcoma associated with HIV infection?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

What is the most common tumor of central africa?

How does it present?

Answer 23

1) Kaposi sarcoma

2) HIV-seronegative patients younger than 40 who don’t wear shoes

Question 24

Transplant Associated Kaposi Sarcoma is associated with?

Answer 24

T-cell immunosuppression

Question 25

What is the most common HIV-related malignancy worldwide?

Answer 25

AIDS Associated (Epidemic) Kaposi Sarcoma

Question 26

What malignant tumors develop in the inner lining of blood vessels and lymph vessels?

What population does it affect?

They can arise in cases of lymphedema in?

Answer 26

1) Angiosarcomas
2) Older adults
3) The ipsilateral upper extremity several years after radical mastectomy for breast cancer

Question 27

What is hepatic angiosarcoma caused by?

Answer 27

Polyvinyl chloride