Robbins Ch 11 Vascular Pathology part 2 Flashcards
What are varicose veins due to?
Incompetence of venous valves
Embolism is rarely seen with varicose veins involving?
When is it more commonly seen?
1) Superficial veins
2) Thrombosed deep veins
Thrombophlebitis has an increased risk with?
This is the most important risk factor for?
1) Prolonged immobilization leading to venous stasis
2) DVT in LE
What is the most common serious clinical complication of DVT, and is often the first manifestation of thrombophlebitis?
Pulmonary embolism
Migratory Thrombophlebitis is associated with?
Found in what tissue?
1) Mucin-producing adenocarcinomas
2) Lung, ovary, pancreas
Superior Vena Cava Syndrome is characterized by?
Marked dilation of the veins of head, neck and arms with cyanosis
What bacterial infections are the most common cause of lymphangitis?
β-hemolytic streptococci (Lancefield Group A, Strep pyogenes)
What notable clinical feature is seen with lymphedema?
It is due to persistent edema and deposition of interstitial CT when?
1) ‘Peau d’orange’
2) Draining lymphatics are clogged with tumor cells
Malignant tumors of blood vessels are confirmed with endothelial cell specific markers such as?
1) CD31
2) von Willebrand Factor
What is the most common form of vascular ectasia?
Nevus Flammeus
What type of nevus flammeus do not fade over time?
Port Wine Stain
What is associated with hyperestrogenic states like pregnancy or liver cirrhosis?
Spider Telangiectasia
What are malformations composed of dilated capillaries and veins present at birth?
Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease)
Spontaneous rupture of Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia (Osler-Weber-Rendu disease) leads to?
Serious epistaxis, hemoptysis, GI bleeding, or hematuria
33% of hemangiomas are found in?
The liver
How do juvenile hemangioma present?
Arise in the skin, grow rapidly then fade at 1-3 years, regress by 7 years
Cavernous Hemangioma are unencapsulated, large cavernous blood-filled vascular space separated by?
CT stroma
Cavernous Lymphangioma (cystic hygromas) are common in patients with?
Turners syndrome (XO)
What are exquisitely painful, benign, tumors that are common in distal digits such as under fingernails?
Glomus Tumor (glomangioma)
Where do hemangiomas arise from?
Where do glomangiomas arise from?
1) Endothelial cells
2) Smooth muscle cells
Bacillary Angiomatosis can be caused by?
What leads to VEGF release?
What stain should be used to visualize?
1) Bartonella henselae (Cat Scratch Disease)
2) HIF1 induction
3) Warthin-Starry stain
Is classic Kaposi Sarcoma associated with HIV infection?
No
What is the most common tumor of central africa?
How does it present?
1) Kaposi sarcoma
2) HIV-seronegative patients younger than 40 who don’t wear shoes
Transplant Associated Kaposi Sarcoma is associated with?
T-cell immunosuppression
What is the most common HIV-related malignancy worldwide?
AIDS Associated (Epidemic) Kaposi Sarcoma
What malignant tumors develop in the inner lining of blood vessels and lymph vessels?
What population does it affect?
They can arise in cases of lymphedema in?
1) Angiosarcomas
2) Older adults
3) The ipsilateral upper extremity several years after radical mastectomy for breast cancer
What is hepatic angiosarcoma caused by?
Polyvinyl chloride
