Robbins Ch 1 - Cell Injury, Death & Adaptation Flashcards
1
Q
protease
A
-can damage cell membranes & cytoskeletal proteins
2
Q
Glutathione or Glutathione Peroxidase
A
reduces Free Radical injury by catalyzing the breakdown of Hydrogen peroxide -> O2 & H2O
3
Q
alpha1-Antitrypsin deficiency (AAT)
A
- common cause of cystic fibrosis, inherited PiZZ genotype
- AAT molecules cannot fold properly
4
Q
p53 genes
A
- when activated trigger apoptosis
- chemotherapy can damage and inactivate gene, making the chemotherapy less effective
5
Q
coagulative necrosis
A
not just in heart, but ischemic injury
6
Q
steatosis
A
fatty change (Ch 1 Robbins)
7
Q
brown atrophy
A
- marked lipofuscin deposition in a small heart, creating dark chocolate brown color
- lipofuscin is the “wear & tear” pigment
8
Q
Anthracotic pigments
A
- pigments in lung from carbon inhalation (either smoking of smog)
- think of inhaling “anthrax”
9
Q
Apoptosis genes
A
- Bcl-2 = inhibits apoptosis
- BAX & BAK promote -> Cytochrome C -> Caspases
- FAS + FAS ligand = death receptor
- p53 gene stimulates apoptosis (think Chemo)
- influx of intercellular Ca++
10
Q
Granzyme B
A
releases cytotoxix T lymphocytes and triggers apoptosis
11
Q
Ubiquitin
A
targets denatured proteins & receycles pieces to be used by the cell again
12
Q
Autophagy
A
- cell eats itself as a form of downsizing in response to stress
- done by upregulating Atgs genes
13
Q
Sirtuins
A
