Robbins Flashcards
Is acute proliferation glomerulonephritis nephritic or nephrotic syndrome and what can you get it from?
Nephritic/Malaria
Inherited focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is caused by the dysfunction of?
Slit diaphragms (space between podocytes)
Slow progressive renal disease that end with bilateral shrunken kidneys, think?
Chronic glomerulonephritis from HTN
Severe muscle injury can lead to what kind of damage to the kidney?
Excrete large amount of myoglobin—>acute tubular injury
BJ protein is a characteristics of what disease?
Multiple myeloma
What could enlarge the kidney besides congenital abnormalities?
Amyloid deposition like in multiple myeloma
Mutation in fibrocystin and polycystin give rise to what diseases?
AR polycystic kidney disease/AD polycystic kidney disease
What is medullary sponge kidney?
Benign congenital cystic dilation of papillary collecting duct with kidney stone/re occurrent infection/hematuria
What is nephronophthisis and what gene is mutated?
Genetic cause for end stage renal disease in children/NPHP1
What is the second most common renal carcinoma and what gene mutation is it associated with?
Papillary renal cell carcinoma/MET
What’s the most common cause of hydronephrosis in infants and children?
Vesicoureteral reflex
Retro peritoneal fibrosis can cause unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis?
Bilateral
Persistent urachus forms a fistula between ___ and ___
Ureter and umbilicus
What is urethral caruncle?
Tender bleeding mass outside of urethra—>common in postmenopausal women
What is urethral caruncle?
Tender bleeding mass outside of urethra—>common in postmenopausal women
DM predisposes what kind of infection on genital?
Candidiasis
What risk factors are for penile squamous carcinoma?
HPV and phimosis
GH suppress or promote insulin?
Suppresses—>leads to DM
What is the histologic finding of Graves disease?
Papillary projection lined by tall columnar epithelial cell
What is goitrogen and what does it cause?
It is from cabbage/turnip/brussels sprouts—>cause sporadic goiter
What is Plummer’s disease?
Toxic multi-nodular goiter that cause hyperthyroidism
Insulitis with inflammatory cells are seen in type I or II DM?
Type I
How does DM causes oxidative stress and cause neuropathy and what not?
(Polyol pathway) Excess glucose—>aldose reductase—>sorbitol—>use NADPH as cofactor—>NADPH is also needed to reduce GSH—>reduced NADPH—->reduced GSH—>oxidative stress
What kind of pancreatic tumor might secrete insulin?
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET)
How to distinguish Cushing syndrome from adrenal adenoma or ectopic cortisol secretion?
Look at CRH—>if it’s high then ectopic/low then it’s adrenal adenoma
If pheochromocytoma is familial, is it usually bi or unilateral?
Bilateral/sporadic is usually unilateral
What cells in kidney secretes EPO?
Interstitial peritubular cell
What is focal proliferative glomerulonephritis?
It includes lupus nephritis and IgA nephropathy
Bilateral cortical necrosis of the kidney is caused by?
Hypovolemic shock
HTN can lead to what kind of renal disease?
Hypertensive nephrosclerosis—>shrunken kidneys
What are the 2 common causes of hydroneprhosis?
BPH and metastatic cancer like cervical cancer
Fever, pain and nodular scrotal mass, think?
Epididymitis
What do you see with chronic interstitial cystitis?
Hunner ulcer/fibrosis
Hyponatremia can have what CNS presentation?
Altered mental status/seizure
What are some symptoms of acromegaly?
Impaired glucose tolerance/male sexual dysfunction
GH is secreted from?
Anterior pituitary
What is the most common pituitary adenoma?
Prolactinoma
The most common goitrogenic drug is?
Li+
Difference between somatotropin and somatostatin?
Somatostatin inhibits somatotropin (GH)
Excess prolactin would results in what dysfunction in male?
Erectile
What cells secrete PTH?
Chief cells
How does hyperPTH causes peptic ulcers?
Hypercalcemia stimulates gastrin secretion—>peptic ulcers
