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ESUN MS2Unit5 > Robbins > Flashcards

Robbins Flashcards

1
Q

Is acute proliferation glomerulonephritis nephritic or nephrotic syndrome and what can you get it from?

A

Nephritic/Malaria

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2
Q

Inherited focal segmental glomerulosclerosis is caused by the dysfunction of?

A

Slit diaphragms (space between podocytes)

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3
Q

Slow progressive renal disease that end with bilateral shrunken kidneys, think?

A

Chronic glomerulonephritis from HTN

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4
Q

Severe muscle injury can lead to what kind of damage to the kidney?

A

Excrete large amount of myoglobin—>acute tubular injury

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5
Q

BJ protein is a characteristics of what disease?

A

Multiple myeloma

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6
Q

What could enlarge the kidney besides congenital abnormalities?

A

Amyloid deposition like in multiple myeloma

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7
Q

Mutation in fibrocystin and polycystin give rise to what diseases?

A

AR polycystic kidney disease/AD polycystic kidney disease

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8
Q

What is medullary sponge kidney?

A

Benign congenital cystic dilation of papillary collecting duct with kidney stone/re occurrent infection/hematuria

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9
Q

What is nephronophthisis and what gene is mutated?

A

Genetic cause for end stage renal disease in children/NPHP1

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10
Q

What is the second most common renal carcinoma and what gene mutation is it associated with?

A

Papillary renal cell carcinoma/MET

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11
Q

What’s the most common cause of hydronephrosis in infants and children?

A

Vesicoureteral reflex

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12
Q

Retro peritoneal fibrosis can cause unilateral or bilateral hydronephrosis?

A

Bilateral

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13
Q

Persistent urachus forms a fistula between ___ and ___

A

Ureter and umbilicus

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14
Q

What is urethral caruncle?

A

Tender bleeding mass outside of urethra—>common in postmenopausal women

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15
Q

What is urethral caruncle?

A

Tender bleeding mass outside of urethra—>common in postmenopausal women

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16
Q

DM predisposes what kind of infection on genital?

A

Candidiasis

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17
Q

What risk factors are for penile squamous carcinoma?

A

HPV and phimosis

18
Q

GH suppress or promote insulin?

A

Suppresses—>leads to DM

19
Q

What is the histologic finding of Graves disease?

A

Papillary projection lined by tall columnar epithelial cell

20
Q

What is goitrogen and what does it cause?

A

It is from cabbage/turnip/brussels sprouts—>cause sporadic goiter

21
Q

What is Plummer’s disease?

A

Toxic multi-nodular goiter that cause hyperthyroidism

22
Q

Insulitis with inflammatory cells are seen in type I or II DM?

A

Type I

23
Q

How does DM causes oxidative stress and cause neuropathy and what not?

A

(Polyol pathway) Excess glucose—>aldose reductase—>sorbitol—>use NADPH as cofactor—>NADPH is also needed to reduce GSH—>reduced NADPH—->reduced GSH—>oxidative stress

24
Q

What kind of pancreatic tumor might secrete insulin?

A

Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (PanNET)

25
Q

How to distinguish Cushing syndrome from adrenal adenoma or ectopic cortisol secretion?

A

Look at CRH—>if it’s high then ectopic/low then it’s adrenal adenoma

26
Q

If pheochromocytoma is familial, is it usually bi or unilateral?

A

Bilateral/sporadic is usually unilateral

27
Q

What cells in kidney secretes EPO?

A

Interstitial peritubular cell

28
Q

What is focal proliferative glomerulonephritis?

A

It includes lupus nephritis and IgA nephropathy

29
Q

Bilateral cortical necrosis of the kidney is caused by?

A

Hypovolemic shock

30
Q

HTN can lead to what kind of renal disease?

A

Hypertensive nephrosclerosis—>shrunken kidneys

31
Q

What are the 2 common causes of hydroneprhosis?

A

BPH and metastatic cancer like cervical cancer

32
Q

Fever, pain and nodular scrotal mass, think?

A

Epididymitis

33
Q

What do you see with chronic interstitial cystitis?

A

Hunner ulcer/fibrosis

34
Q

Hyponatremia can have what CNS presentation?

A

Altered mental status/seizure

35
Q

What are some symptoms of acromegaly?

A

Impaired glucose tolerance/male sexual dysfunction

36
Q

GH is secreted from?

A

Anterior pituitary

37
Q

What is the most common pituitary adenoma?

A

Prolactinoma

38
Q

The most common goitrogenic drug is?

A

Li+

39
Q

Difference between somatotropin and somatostatin?

A

Somatostatin inhibits somatotropin (GH)

40
Q

Excess prolactin would results in what dysfunction in male?

A

Erectile

41
Q

What cells secrete PTH?

A

Chief cells

42
Q

How does hyperPTH causes peptic ulcers?

A

Hypercalcemia stimulates gastrin secretion—>peptic ulcers

ESUN MS2Unit5 (4 decks)

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