POM Flashcards
What’s the percent of cholesterol that is derived from diet?
25%
If a pt can’t tolerate statin, what to give next?
PCSK9 inhibitors
What are the 4 groups of pts that we put statin on?
Atherosclerotic CVD/diabetes aged from 40-75 regardless LDL level/LDL bigger than 190/10 years CVD risk over 7.5%
Statin is not recommended for __ and __ population?
Prego/breastfeeding
Do we have to put elderly pts on statin?
No, some study say higher cholesterol even lower chances of cancer
Statin increases or decreases blood glucose?
Increase
What are the range of Framingham risk factors and how do we manage them?
Low risk 20% : high intensity statin
What defines hematuria and what’s the next step?
more than 3 RBC/HPF
Workup include urine culture and cytology
Urologic pain radiates towards groin suggest?
Passing of a stone
If a kidney infection does not respond to antibiotics, think?
Obstruction or abscess
What is lithotripsy?
Break kidney stone w/ laser and what not
What is a oncocytoma?
Benign tumor in kidney
What is the size of the renal mass that is needed to be surgically removed?
over 4cm usually
A definitive diagnosis of UTI requires ___
Urine culture
Bladder stone occurs from ?
Urine stasis
Does diverticulum of bladder consists of muscle?
No, only mucosa—>can have stones in there
What symptoms can BPH cause?
lower urinary tract symptoms
What tests are used to test for BPH?
Uroflow/PVR (post void residual)/urodynamic
What is the characteristic of prostatitis?
Difficult to treat
What are the big 4 complications of HTN?
CAD and CHF/nephrosclerosis/retinopathy/stroke
What is the definition of severe or resistant HTN?
unable to reach BP goal with 3 antiHTN medications including a diuretic
Unilateral bruits/increase creatinine, what kind of disease is it?
Kidney stenosis
What is therapeutic inertia regarding HTN treatment?
Failure of physician to treat properly
What is the initial pharmacologic monotherapy based on age?
Young—>ACEI/ARB
Old—>chlorthalidone or calcium channel blocker
How is urine output relate to the prognosis of acute kidney injury?
The worse the oliguria the worse prognosis
All oliguria is ___ until proven otherwise
Obstructive
Which is more common, pre/renal/post parenchymal insufficiency?
Pre and post
What is the easiest test for glomerulanephritis?
Urine analysis (e.g. blood and protein in urine)
How to fix urinary obstruction caused by BPH in the hospital?
Foley catheter
What is a good measurement for volume depletion?
Orthostatic BP—>if drops too much—>volume depletion
What to give first with a pt with pre renal low urine output?
Fluid
When do you see muddy brown granular cast?
Acute tubular necrosis
What is the difference between acidemia and acidosis?
Acidemia is the increase of the H+ concentration is the plasma/acidosis is the process of achieving acidemia
How does bicarb used as a buffer in acid or alkalosis?
High pH—>water + CO2 = H2CO3—->breakdown to bicarb and H+—>H+ decreases pH
Low pH—>the reaction run the other way
pH is dependent on the concentration of ___ /___?
HCO3-/CO2
One drops or raise/the other one drops or raise with it to compensate
If 3 variables (HCO3-/CO2/pH) move in the same direction (up or down), then it is metabolic or respiratory?
Metabolic
What test do you need to evaluate acid base?
ABG and chem 7
What population should be screened for DM?
Overweight pt with risk factors such as genetic/HTN/PCOS
How should CF pt be screened for DM? How should they be treated?
Oral glucose tolerance test beginning at 10/insulin
What are the treatments for diabetic retinopathy?
Laser/anti VEGF injection
