roaring 20s and WW2 Flashcards
flappers
represented women’s newfound independence
Henry Ford
perfected the assembly line system
extremely successful - had made 20 million model T’s by 1930 and 6 million Americans worked in auto industries
kept workers wages high so they could afford the cars
Scopes Trial
Dayton Tennessee 1925 - John T Scopes indicted for teaching evolution in school;
famed lawyers involved: William Jennings Bryan fro prosecution and Clarence Darrow for the defense
prohibition
18th amendment made the manufacturing and sale of alcohol illegal and Volstead Act enforced it;
speakeasies, foreign rum runners, home brew, bathtub gin, rotgut;
Chicago - gangs and murder - boss was Al Capone, finally caught for tax evasion
quota system
put a cap on number of immigrants allowed in from various countries - Emergency Quota Act of 1921: 3% of the number of people of their nationality living in US in 1910 were allowed to enter - Immigration Act of 1924: 2%
red scare
America fear anarchy or Russia;
attorney general Mitchel Palmer (“the fighting quaker”) deported 249 radicals to Russia;
bomb blast at Wall St;
5 socialists elected to NY legislature but not allowed to do job;
closed shop was called Soviets in disguise
Sacco and Vanzetti
socialist immigrants convicted and executed for murder - evidence all circumstantial
Bolshevik Revolution
second stage of Russian revolution in November 1917 when Lenin and Bolsheviks seized power and established communist state;
spawned small communist party in US and started red scare
“5-5-3”
5 Power Naval Treaty - ratio of ships allowed in navy: US to Britain to Japan
disarmament
Washington Disarmament Conference: 5 power naval treat and 9 power treaty (open door in China);
Kellogg-Briand Pact- 62 nations sign to “outlaw war”
isolationism
Fordey McCumber tariff - 38.5%: economic isolationism
later, vow not to get involved in WW2
Warren G Harding
president - pendulum swings right - appoints 4 conservative Supreme Court judges and doesn’t enforce anti trust laws - scandals like Teapot Dome - Union membership declines
Eleanor Roosevelt
powerfully influenced national policies - America’s most active First Lady
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
government lending agency established by Hoover administration to assist insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and local gov during Great Depression - indirect relief
Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930
60% tariff - highest peacetime tariff in US history - essentially declaring economic war
over speculation
cause of the stock market crash of 1929
Al Smith
Al(cohol) Smith - Democrat candidate in 1928 election lost to Hoover
Good Neighbor Policy
departure from the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine - stressed nonintervention in Latin America. Hoover started it and FDR continued it
London Economic Conference
a 66 nation economic conference organized to stabilize national currency rates. FDR revoked US and worsened world economic crisis
“pack” the Supreme Court
FDR’s failed scheme to add a new justice to the Supreme Court for every member over 70 who would not retire. his objective was to overcome the Court’s objections to New Deal reforms
Social Security Act of 1935
part of new deal: provided for unemployment and old age insurance financed by a payroll tax on employers and employees
Indian New Deal
Indian Organization Act of 1934: encouraged tribes to establish local self government and preserve their native traditions. helped stop the loss of their land
Agricultural Adjustment Administration
new deal program designed to raise agricultural prices by paying farmers not to farm
National Recovery Administration
new deal program - monitored workers earnings and hours to distribute work to aid the unemployed - established codes for “fair competition” to ensure similar procedures in fields
