roaring 20s and WW2

Question 1

flappers

Answer 1

represented women’s newfound independence

Question 2

Henry Ford

Answer 2

perfected the assembly line system
extremely successful - had made 20 million model T’s by 1930 and 6 million Americans worked in auto industries
kept workers wages high so they could afford the cars

Question 3

Scopes Trial

Answer 3

Dayton Tennessee 1925 - John T Scopes indicted for teaching evolution in school;
famed lawyers involved: William Jennings Bryan fro prosecution and Clarence Darrow for the defense

Question 4

prohibition

Answer 4

18th amendment made the manufacturing and sale of alcohol illegal and Volstead Act enforced it;
speakeasies, foreign rum runners, home brew, bathtub gin, rotgut;
Chicago - gangs and murder - boss was Al Capone, finally caught for tax evasion

Question 5

quota system

Answer 5

put a cap on number of immigrants allowed in from various countries - Emergency Quota Act of 1921: 3% of the number of people of their nationality living in US in 1910 were allowed to enter - Immigration Act of 1924: 2%

Question 6

red scare

Answer 6

America fear anarchy or Russia;
attorney general Mitchel Palmer (“the fighting quaker”) deported 249 radicals to Russia;
bomb blast at Wall St;
5 socialists elected to NY legislature but not allowed to do job;
closed shop was called Soviets in disguise

Question 7

Sacco and Vanzetti

Answer 7

socialist immigrants convicted and executed for murder - evidence all circumstantial

Question 8

Bolshevik Revolution

Answer 8

second stage of Russian revolution in November 1917 when Lenin and Bolsheviks seized power and established communist state;
spawned small communist party in US and started red scare

Question 9

“5-5-3”

Answer 9

5 Power Naval Treaty - ratio of ships allowed in navy: US to Britain to Japan

Question 10

disarmament

Answer 10

Washington Disarmament Conference: 5 power naval treat and 9 power treaty (open door in China);
Kellogg-Briand Pact- 62 nations sign to “outlaw war”

Question 11

isolationism

Answer 11

Fordey McCumber tariff - 38.5%: economic isolationism

later, vow not to get involved in WW2

Question 12

Warren G Harding

Answer 12

president - pendulum swings right - appoints 4 conservative Supreme Court judges and doesn’t enforce anti trust laws - scandals like Teapot Dome - Union membership declines

Question 13

Eleanor Roosevelt

Answer 13

powerfully influenced national policies - America’s most active First Lady

Question 14

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

Answer 14

government lending agency established by Hoover administration to assist insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, and local gov during Great Depression - indirect relief

Question 15

Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930

Answer 15

60% tariff - highest peacetime tariff in US history - essentially declaring economic war

Question 16

over speculation

Answer 16

cause of the stock market crash of 1929

Question 17

Al Smith

Answer 17

Al(cohol) Smith - Democrat candidate in 1928 election lost to Hoover

Question 18

Good Neighbor Policy

Answer 18

departure from the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine - stressed nonintervention in Latin America. Hoover started it and FDR continued it

Question 19

London Economic Conference

Answer 19

a 66 nation economic conference organized to stabilize national currency rates. FDR revoked US and worsened world economic crisis

Question 20

“pack” the Supreme Court

Answer 20

FDR’s failed scheme to add a new justice to the Supreme Court for every member over 70 who would not retire. his objective was to overcome the Court’s objections to New Deal reforms

Question 21

Social Security Act of 1935

Answer 21

part of new deal: provided for unemployment and old age insurance financed by a payroll tax on employers and employees

Question 22

Indian New Deal

Answer 22

Indian Organization Act of 1934: encouraged tribes to establish local self government and preserve their native traditions. helped stop the loss of their land

Question 23

Agricultural Adjustment Administration

Answer 23

new deal program designed to raise agricultural prices by paying farmers not to farm

Question 24

National Recovery Administration

Answer 24

new deal program - monitored workers earnings and hours to distribute work to aid the unemployed - established codes for “fair competition” to ensure similar procedures in fields

Question 25

Huey Long

Answer 25

demagogue governor and senator of Louisiana - promised every working class person would get a pension

Question 26

Father Coughlin

Answer 26

demagogue, radio priest, anti new deal, fascistic, anti Semitic

Question 27

Battle of Britain

Answer 27

July-October 1940. Hitler attack Britain after France fell

Question 28

“destroyers for bases”

Answer 28

Sept 1940 - FDR give Britain 50 old destroyers in return for 8 bases

Question 29

“cash and carry”

Answer 29

late 1939 - democracies could buy war materials from US and transport them themselves

Question 30

Munich Conference

Answer 30

September 1938 - Hitler promise the Sudetenland is the last thing he’ll take. Neville Chamberlain: “peace in our time” - appeasement

Question 31

Fransisco Franco

Answer 31

favorite friendly fascist led the Spanish revolution

Question 32

Loyalist Spanish Government

Answer 32

republic - backed by Stalin (to oppose Mussolini and Hitler backing the fascists)

Question 33

belligerent

Answer 33

a nation engaged in war. many early US neutrality acts said no selling to any belligerent

Question 34

Neutrality Acts of 1935,6,7

Answer 34

if FDR declares a conflict an official war, no American can help either side in any way

Question 35

fascism

Answer 35

an authoritarian and nationalistic right wing system of government - adopted in Italy, Germany, and Spain. sympathizes in US called the America First Committee

Question 36

mechanical cotton picker

Answer 36

did the work of 50 people at 1/8 for the cost - millions of black tenant farmers migrated north after it was introduced in 1944

Question 37

braceros

Answer 37

name for Mexican agricultural worker - US agreement with Mexico to bring braceros over to cover the labor shortage in the West during the war

Question 38

rationing

Answer 38

government (War Production Board and Office of Price Administration) rationed critical goods in America such as gasoline, meat, and butter

Question 39

Japanese-American internment camps

Answer 39

executive order put some 110,000 Japanese Americans in camps on the Pacific Coast. unnecessary and cruel as the group had done nothing to show disloyalty to US

Question 40

Atlantic Charter

Answer 40

August 1941: FDR and WC off the coast of Newfoundland - proposed permanent system of national security, reinforced the right of the people to choose their own government

Question 41

Lend Lease Act

Answer 41

early 1941 - US will lend military supplies to democracies - “send guns not sons” “billions not bodies” America the “arsenal of democracy”

Question 42

Hiroshima and Nagasaki

Answer 42

US drop two atomic bombs on Japan but they don’t surrender until the US promises the emperor can remain the emperor

Question 43

Battle of the Bulge

Answer 43

winter 1944-5: last major German offensive campaign

Question 44

Guam

Answer 44

American territory Japan had taken control of

Question 45

island hopping

Answer 45

American strategy to attack Japan - attacked only certain islands which isolated others, saving time

Question 46

Battle of Midway

Answer 46

pivotal naval battle fought in Pacific June 3-6, 1942 - victory halted Japanese advances in Pacific