gilded age Flashcards

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1
Q

Boss Tweed

A

in charge of Tamany Hall, ran the New York City Democratic Party and used bribery, graft, and fraud to swindle millions. eventually found out and jailed

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2
Q

Roscoe Conkling

A

senator that led the “Stalwart” faction of the Republican Party in 1870s and 80s

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3
Q

Horace Greeley

A

nominee running against Grant in the election of 1872. mudslinging election - Republicans denounced him as a communist, free lover, and vegetarian

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4
Q

Stalwarts

A

faction of Republican Party that were traditionalists and opposed the moderates. supported Grant for president. supported patronage system

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5
Q

hard money

A

opposed the advocacy for cheap paper money

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6
Q

patronage

A

political parties granted jobs and favors to party regulars and supporters

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7
Q

The Forgettable Presidents

A

Grant, Hayes, Garfield, Arthur, Cleveland, Harrison, Cleveland

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8
Q

poll tax

A

a price necessary for voting - prevented many former slaves from voting

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9
Q

Pendleton Act

A

created the Civil Service Commission, end spoils system

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10
Q

J P Morgan

A

“the bankers’ banker”, used the system of interlocking directorates to neutralize competition and become a banking tycoon

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11
Q

pools

A

earliest form of business combination - agreement to divide business in a given area and share the profits

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12
Q

Andrew Carnegie

A

steel tycoon who used practice of vertical integration (consolidating all steps of manufacturing into his one company) to eliminate competition. Gospel of wealth about philanthropy

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13
Q

James Duke

A

used new machine to make cigarettes to absorb competitors into his American Tobacco Company

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14
Q

United States Steel

A

company founded by Carnegie, steel producer

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15
Q

Sherman Anti-Trust Act

A

forbade trusts or combinations in business. first legislation to regulate big business for public good

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16
Q

Yellow Dog Contract

A

written contract between employers and employees in which the employees sign an agreement that they will not join a union while working for the company

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17
Q

corporation

A

a company

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18
Q

Knights of Labor

A

second national labor organization. known for wanting to organize all workers, regardless of skill level, gender, or race

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19
Q

new immigrants

A

Chinese came for gold and RR work. very disliked

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20
Q

Hull House

A

settlement house for immigrants established by Jane Addams

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21
Q

Modernists

A

opposed religious fundamentalists and suported change and ideas of a “good God”

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22
Q

Credit Mobilier

A

construction company formed by owners of Union Pacific Railroad commissioned to build the railroad at highly inflated prices (and profits)

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23
Q

James Blaine

A

champion of the “Half Breeds”, a faction of the Republican Party opposed to spoils system and the stalwarts headed by Conkling

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24
Q

Half Breeds

A

faction of republican party opposed to spoils system

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25
Q

Panic of 1873

A

depression caused by over speculation that led to further call for cheap paper money and unlimited coinage of silver

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26
Q

Greenback Labor Party

A

union of farmers wanting cheap paper money and improving labor. James b weaver run for president

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27
Q

Compromise of 1877

A

resolved 1876 election and ended Reconstruction. Hayes, the republican candidate, would win the presidency and withdraw federal troops from south

28
Q

Plessy v Ferguson

A

Supreme Court case that upheld segregation as long as black facilities were “separate but equal”

29
Q

D Kearny

A

An Irish born leader of the anti-Chinese movement in California. Led followers to violent abuse of the Chinese, and resented cheap labor from the Chinese. This led to the Chinese Exclusion Act

30
Q

Panic of 1893

A

escalated the silver vs gold debate

31
Q

land grants

A

areas set aside for railroad construction

32
Q

Interstate Commerce Act

A

established Interstate Commerce Commission, compelled railroads to publish standard rates, and prohibited rebates and pools

33
Q

Rockefeller

A

oil tycoon, Standard Oil Company, perfected trust system in which one company controls others by granting control of its operations, through stock ownership, to other companies

34
Q

H Bessemer

A

developed a much cheaper process of making steel

35
Q

kerosene

A

first major product of oil industry

36
Q

Gibson Girl

A

magazine image of an independent and athletic “new woman”

37
Q

closed shop

A

practice of allowing only unionized employees to work for a particular company

38
Q

National Labor Union

A

first national labor organization. didn’t allow participation of Chinese, women, blacks

39
Q

American Federation of Labor

A

national federation of trade unions including only skilled workers.

40
Q

social gospel

A

liberal Protestant movement that rejected biblical literalism and supported ethical teaching of bible. reform oriented

41
Q

American Protective Association

A

anti immigrant organization

42
Q

Booker T Washington

A

ex slave and champion of black education. didn’t advocate for full equality which caused him to be criticized; formed Tuskegee Institute

43
Q

Morrill Act

A

generous grant of public lands to the states in support of education

44
Q

Pragmatism

A

theory that the true value of an idea lay in its ability to solve problems

45
Q

A Century of Dishonor

A

a book chronicling the record of government ruthlessness when dealing with the Indians

46
Q

Dawes Severalty Act

A

broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to individual households. leftover land was sold for money to fund gov efforts to “civilize” Native Americans

47
Q

J W Powell

A

explorer and director of US Geological Survey warned that so little rain fell beyond the 100th meridian that agriculture was impossible

48
Q

the Grange

A

Patrons of Husbandry - encouraged farming families to band together in community

49
Q

Jacob Coxey

A

“general” with and “army” of marchers marched on Washington with demand of government relieving unemployment through inflationary public works program. arrested for walking on the grass

50
Q

Eugene V Debs

A

leader of the Pullman strike which overturned cars and blocked railways. arrested

51
Q

J P Altgeld

A

pardoned 3 men accused of conspiring in the bombing attack at Haymarket Square

52
Q

W J Bryan

A

championed the cause of silver, Cross of Gold speech

53
Q

the Maine

A

American ship sent to Cuba that sunk due to an accidental explosion but many blamed the Spanish

54
Q

E Aguinaldo

A

Filipino insurgent who helped US beat Spain and later revolts against US when we don’t leave

55
Q

Platt Amendment

A

part of the Cuban constitution that limited treaty making abilities, controlled debt, and stipulated that the US could re enter militarily at any time

56
Q

W E B Du Bois

A

black leader who advocate for complete equality and assailed Booker T Washington for condemning the race to perpetual inferiority

57
Q

Comstock Law

A

Americans in support of traditional morals supporting sexual purity

58
Q

Ghost Dance

A

when this Native American religious dance was outlawed but continued to spread it led to Battle of Wounded Knee

59
Q

Homestead Act

A

allowed a farmer to acquire a 160 acre piece of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee

60
Q

Sooners

A

people who entered Oklahoma illegally while it was still Native American territory

61
Q

Populist Party

A

Peoples party grew stronger this time period, advocated for rural concerns. James b weaver was the most successful third party candidate up to this point

62
Q

Pullman Strike

A

strike led by railway workers over drastically cut wages. federal troops forced an end

63
Q

Richard Olney

A

attorney general who suggested the use of federal troops to stop Pullman strike

64
Q

William McKinley

A

McK tariff 48.4%; president during the Hawaiian and Cuban issues; supporter of gold not silver

65
Q

A T Mahan

A

wrote “The Influence of Sea Power on History” which said the sea was key to dominance

66
Q

Teller Amendment

A

said when US had overthrown Spain, they would give Cuba their freedom

67
Q

insular cases

A

series of cases about the constitution following the flag. meaning peurto ricans and filipinos wouldn’t enjoy all American rights