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Road to Revolution Flashcards

0
Q

when ________ took over, he decided to milk the colonies of money from taxes for the ________

A

King George III

French and Indian War

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1
Q

early on, even though the colonies were technically under British rule, they pretty much did as they pleased because the British didn’t rule too strictly because ________

A

they were 3000 miles away

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2
Q

when was the French and Indian War (Seven Years War)?

A

1754-1763

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3
Q

what was the French and Indian War?

A

a struggle between English and French for control of North America

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4
Q

the French and Indian War cost Britain ________ and they had to ________ to pay for it

A

75 billion

tax the American colonies

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5
Q

representation in parliament and taxation:
“no taxation without representation!” -__________
“the House of Commons represents everyone, whether you got the opportunity to vote for them or not.”-_________

A

colonists

British

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6
Q

when did the Townsend Acts start?

A

1767

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7
Q

the Townsend Acts taxed goods such as ________

A

glass
paper
lead
tea

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8
Q

the purpose of the Townshend Acts was to ________

A

raise revenue in the colonies to pay the salaries of governors an judges

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9
Q

when did the Boston Massacre occur?

A

March 5, 1770

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10
Q

what happened at the Boston Massacre?

A

a group of youth and dock workers traded insults with British soldiers in front of the customs house in Boston. the insults turned to a fight an shots are fired.

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11
Q

who was the first person to die in the Boston Massacre?

A

Crispus Attucks- first black man to die for America

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12
Q

when was the Boston Tea Party?

A

December 16, 1773

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13
Q

what happened during the yea party?

A

Americans dumped 342 chests of tea into the Boston Harbor to protest the tea tax

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14
Q

when did parliament pass the intolerable acts?

A

after the Boston Tea Party

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15
Q

what did the intolerable acts do?

A

allowed British soldiers to search and even move into colonists’ homes, reduced colonial self-government, and closed the Boston Harbor

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16
Q

why did the first continental congress occur?

A

to discuss the intolerable acts

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17
Q

what happened at the first continental congress?

A

delegates agreed on an embargo on Britain and boycotts on British goods

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18
Q

when did the battles of Lexington and concord occur?

A

April 1775

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19
Q

what were the first battles of the revolutionary war?

A

Lexington and Concord

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20
Q

why did the Lexington and Concord battles occur?

A

British went to destroy colonists’ collection of arms at Concord

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21
Q

who won at Lexington and who won at Concord and why?

A

British won at Lexington

Colonists won at Concord bc of the bridge

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22
Q

when was the second continental congress?

A

May 1775

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23
Q

what did some begin to talk about at the second continental congress?

A

forming their own separate country

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24
pamphlet that argued the colonists should separate from England
common sense by Thomas Paine
25
common sense states that the _______ was corrupt and king George III was ________
monarchy | a tyrant
26
eventually, the second continental congress ________ to draft a document explaining why we wanted to separate from England, called ________
appointed a committee Declaration of Independence(1776) by Thomas Jefferson
27
after the American revolution, most people believed we needed a ________ of government
federal system
28
power to govern divided between national and state government
federal system
29
when was the constitutional convention?
May 25, 1787
30
what happened at the constitutional convention?
delegates from 12 states met in Philadelphia to revise the articles of confederation, but eventually they agreed to write a whole new constitution
31
________ presided over the convention- his presence made sure that people would trust the convention's work
George Washington
32
who is known as the "father of the constitution" and why?
James Madison | bc he was the author of the basic plan of government that the convention eventually adopted
33
each state had ________ vote(s) in the convention
one
34
constitutional conventions were ________
held in secret
35
2 plans of government presented:
Virginia Plan | New Jersey Plan
36
________ stated that the new government would have a president, bicameral, legislature, and court, while the _________ stated that the new government would have a unicameral legislature
Virginia Plan | New Jersey Plan
37
________ stated that representation would be based on equality(one rep per state), while the ________ stated that each house would have representation based on population
New Jersey Plan | Virginia Plan
38
which plan states that weak legislature would appoint the jury?
New Jersey Plan
39
small states hated the ________ plan and large states hated the ________ plan
Virginia | New Jersey
40
what was the Great Compromise?
* new gov would have a bicameral legislature * representation in senate would be based on equality(each state with 2 reps) * representation in the House of Representatives would be based on population
41
the ________ wanted slaves to count as people for the population count so they could get more reps, while the ________ didn't want slaves to count in the population.
south | north
42
what was the compromise of the slave population issue?
the three/fifths compromise (every 5 slaves would count as 3 people)
43
the ________ wanted to let the gov regulate trade and stop the slave trade, while the ________ didn't want the gov to interfere with slave trade or tax exports
north | south
44
compromise of the sale trade issue:
north promises not to interfere with the space trade for 20 years and the south let congress regulate foreign trade.
45
what was the compromise when some people wanted the president to be chosen by congress and others wanted him to be chosen by the people?
each state would choose the electoral college and they would choose the president
46
had to get ___/13 states to ratify the constitution before it went into effect
9
47
the articles of confederation required ___/13 states to change it
13
48
2 groups emerged in the debate over ratification
Federalists | Antifederalists
49
federalists argued ________ ratification | antifederalists argued ________ ratification
in favor of | against
50
the federalists wrote a series of newspaper articles called ________
the federalist papers
51
federalists agreed on the need to add a ________ but not immediately
bill of rights
52
anti federalists wrote a series of newspaper articles called
anti federalist papers
53
anti federalists argued that the constitution betrayed the ________ and was a step toward ________
revolution | monarchy
54
although anti federalists we're united in their opposition to the constitution, they were divided as to ________
what they believed the alternative should be
55
on June 21, 1787, ________ was the 9th state to ________ and it became the law of the land
New Hampshire | ratify the constitution
56
________ becomes the first capital
New York
57
________ chosen as first president
Washington
58
________ is chosen as VP
John Adams
59
first congress meets in ________
March 1789
60
the ________ became the basic law of the US
constitution
61
the most obvious purpose of the constitution was to provide_________
a framework for government
62
most important idea of the constitution:
people have the right to govern themselves
63
the constitution is about 7000 words divided into:
preamble articles amendments
64
states the purpose or goals of the constitution
preamble
65
tells the structures of the government
articles
66
tells what the gov can an cannot do
amendments
67
aspects of the preamble:
``` form a more perfect union establish justice ensure domestic peace promote the general welfare secure liberty ```
68
legislative branch:
makes laws | composed of congress (house and senate)
69
executive branch:
enforces laws | made of president and his agencies
70
judicial branch:
interprets laws | Supreme Court and lower courts
71
what does the system of checks and balances do?
keeps any one branch from getting too powerful | each branch limits the other two branches
72
article one:
legislative | powers given and denied congress
73
article II
president | powers and qualifications of president
74
article III
judicial branch tells what courts can and can't do says judges are appointed for life with good behavior
75
articles IV-VII
explain the relationship between states and national gov, specifies how the constitution can change, and discusses provisions about gov
76
4 basic principals of US gov:
``` FLIPS federalism limited government popular sovereignty separation of powers (checks and balances) ```
77
federalism characteristics-
national gov shares power w states | founders decide if you have 2 levels of power, competition between the 2 would be an effective limit on both
78
3 types of gov power
enumerated reserved concurrent
79
power specifically granted to the national government in the constitution
enumerated power
80
powers given to the state gov only
reserved power
81
powers shared by both state and national gov
concurrent powers
82
while governmental power is shared, if state and federal laws conflict, ________ law wins
federal
83
states the constitution and national gov are the supreme law of the land
supremacy clause (article VI)
84
gov is not permitted to do certain things and take away certain rights
limited government
85
limits of gov are listed in ________ and the ________
article I | bill of rights
86
the idea that people should have the right to rule themselves
popular sovereignty
87
we rule ourselves by choosing people who ________
have a similar point of view as our elected officials

Civics (4 decks)

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