Road to civil war Flashcards
By September 1641, many members of parliament became Charles’s councilors. What could they no longer argue?
Charles had evil councilors.
What were Oliver St John, Earl of Warwick, Earl of Essex, and Lord Saye and Sele made?
1) Solicitor-General
2) Lord High Admiral
3) Lord Chamberlain
4) Master of the Court of Wards
When did Long Parliament open, and for what means?
3 Nov 1640 in order to gain promotion and override prerogative.
In Scotland what did the King hope to achieve, and what happened ? (Oct 1641)
Charles went to Scotland I hopes of having their army removed from England.
He made concessions to Covenanters by talking with parliament and General Leslie, and promoting Rothes + Montrose.
Meanwhile he claimed the Earl of Montrose was alienated to the movement but Earl of Argyll was committed.
The incident hoped to arrest Argyll and Hamilton and showed he couldn’t be trusted.
When was the Irish Rebellion and what happened?
23 October 1641. The privy council talked to the house of commons, the Earl of Leicester read letters from the Irish Council in Dublin referring to thousands of English and Scottish Protestants being murdered by Catholics.
Articles accumulated. Protestants were killed with poles, and shot with muskets. The king was in Scotland at the time and was not trusted to raise an army to fight in Ulster. Irish rebels claimed that they were fighting for the king.
What was the Grand Remonstrance and what did it consist of?
Nov 1641 The Irish expeditionary force would only be granted for concessions by the King. MPs who felt that Charles was cooperating needed to be stopped. The grand Remonstrance what is the review of Charles and his rain, with a conspiracy created. There were demands for:
Parliaments control of ministers
Bishop and Catholic is excluded from the House of Lords.
Root and Branch reform
MPs had to criticise Charles and accept all or none of the propositions. 159,004, and 148 against. Nearly 200 did not vote. Royalist party was created as a result, but there was no chance for the review to be accepted by the Lords. It was published anyway. Jesuit Papists were blamed as obstacles of the law, alongside bishops and clergy.
What were results of the Grand Remonstrance? Why did Charles do it?
The exclusion bill.
Rumours of the Queens impeachment in December 1641.
Impeachments of 12 bishops.
The growth of a royalist party and a rift growing between the commons and lords
What were key features of the five members attempt?
On 4 January 1642, with his armed guard and elector Palatine Frederick, Charles went from Westminster to Whitehall to the Commons. He apologised to the speaker for making bold with his chair, asking where the five members he requested impeachment of had vanished to. The King said, ‘ I have neither eyes not tongue to hear,’ and Charles stated ‘ the birds have flown,’ as the members had fled to safety across the Thames to a safe house.
What were results of the 5 Members attempt?
Reversed efforts of royalists such as Edward Hyde and Viscount Falkland.
Stunted royalist party.
Lords voted to remove the bishops.
Whitehall was attacked by apprentice boys and trained bands from companies.
Charles went to Hampton Court.
What did Parliament establish in March 1642 for militia?
What did Charles set up in June?
Militia control was needed to gain local officer loyalty and appeal to the authority.
March - Militia Ordnance would set the militia under parliament orders.
June - Commissions of Array was made to assemble county militia under Charles’ officers, 11 June.
Militia captains were confused and soldiers received orders from two officers, creating sporadic fighting.
Where did Henrietta go?
Where did Charles go in 1642 and what did he do in York?
Henrietta went to France for foreign help.
Charles travelled to Hull, York, and Nottingham. In April he was refused by Governor Sir John Hotham to collect arms and ammunitions from the Bishops Wars, later he was executed as he became royalist, by parliament.
What were included in Parliaments Nineteen Propositions?
1st June 1642
Control appointments to privy council and offices of state.
policies arrive through parliament discussion.
education and marriage of Charles’ kids controlled.
anti-Catholic laws.
Catholic peers excluded from Lords.
Reform liturgy of CofE and government.
Approve Militia Ordnance.
Forts and castles under Parliament officers.
Five members cleared.
What did Parliament call on 12 July and what did Charles issue on 22 Aug, 1642?
July - calls revolution by raising army under Earl of Essex calling upon Charles to enter, ‘a good accord with his parliament to prevent civil war.’
22 Aug - Royal standard to raise army at Castle Hill, Nottingham.
