Political Divisions Flashcards
What were the reasons for Charles beginning his Personal Rule?
( 2 points)
The collapse in relationship between Charles and the Political Nation
Charles’ belief in his own divine right
What was the significance of the Privy Council in Charles’ Personal Rule?
Without Parliament, the Privy Council had much greater importance/influence over Charles’ decisions
What was the Personal Rule?
The period in which Charles I abolished parliament and the government and ruled without Parliament.
Suggest 4 key features of Arminianism
less ‘demanding’
appealed to the bulk of moderate Calvinists
favoured by Charles
emphasis on ceremony, music and images
Suggest 3 key features of Puritanism
emphasis on long sermons and preaching
believed they were ‘selected to be saved’ (made them unpopular)
emphasis on individual prayer and self-reflection
Suggest 3 key features of Laudianism
rejected predestination
less emphasis on Bible and preaching
emphasis on ritual and ceremony
What was the problem with Charles’ support of Laudianism
Broke the Jacobethan balance
What key feature did Laudianism place heavy influence on?
‘Beauty of Holiness’ and the decoration of churches
Most visible changes made to Churches due to Laudian Measures:
(6 points)
- communion table moved and railed off as an altar at east end of church
- increased emphasis on ceremony
- decoration of stained glass windows
- increased use of music in services
- ministers wearing vestments (not plain robes)
removal of gentry’s ornamental pews
Puritan response to Laudian Church reforms
Puritans believed physical changes were forms of idolatry (which was a main wrong of Catholicism) and so were angered
What was Laud’s Altar Policy?
moved the communion table to Far East end of Church (same location as Catholic altar)
chancel would be raised by some reps
chancel area would be separated from rest of church by a rail
Altar covered with an embroidered cloth
Laudian changes to church ceremony
Laudianism mirrors Catholicism in its emphasis on ceremony
- Church services were centred on a Catechism and a set Prayer book to be recited
Laudian Campaign against unlicensed preaching
Laud limited preaching to only a Sunday and attacked Feoffees for impropriations in 1633
How did Laud enhance the power of Church hierarchy?
4 points
Ordered Bishops to visit each of their parishes at least once every three years
archbishops reported directly to Charles
Priests given jobs as JPs and many bishops sat on Privy council
Prerogative courts to judge religious cases (Star Chamber)
Feoffees for impropriations
When?
What was it?
1633
A Puritan organisation that raised money to control the appointment of clergy to praised in order to establish Puritan preachers = forbidden by Laud
Reissue of the Book of Sports
When?
What was it?
1633
Made sports after the Sunday service compulsory and was read from the Pulpit so that it was known to everyone in the community
How were Laudian measures enforced?
Through visitations and ecclesiastical courts.
Visitations were official visits by Bishops to report on Parishes
Charles I’s role in imposition of Laudianism
Supported Arminians due to a growing hatred of Puritans, and his belief in his own divine right
Puritan response to Charles’ role in imposition of Laudianism
(2 points)
became heavily focussed on Charles’ religious policies and the prominence of anti-Calvinist Arminians at court
believed the King was influenced by Catholics like his wife Henrietta Maria (believed there was a Catholic conspiracy)
Who were Puritans?
heavy importance on the Bible
Anti-Catholicism
Believed in Millenarianism
St Gregory’s case
When was it?
What was it?
1633
Parishioners of St Gregory’s Church London challenged moving the communion table to east end of the church
disagrees with the use of richly decorated cloth on altar table and separation of altar from congregation
parishioners brought before the Privy Council
John Williams case
When was it?
What was it?
1637
Bishop John Williams imprisoned for publishing a criticism of the Altar policy in ‘The Holy Table, Name and Thing’
suggested that Protestants even opposed Catholic terminology
Prynn, Burton and Bastwick
When was it?
What was it?
1637
well respected Puritans (John Bastwick, Henry Burton, William Prynn)
brought before English Court of Law for criticising Church policy
found guilty of criticising Laud’s measures = fined £5000, imprisoned for life and ears cropped
people sympathised a lot with them (not over views but because they had respectable professions)
John Lilbourne
When was it?
What was it?
1638
He helped to distribute Bastwick’s work
driven to oppose Laudianism by Protestant views and committed himself to Print
1638 found guilt of printing unlicensed literature
fined, whipped and pilloried in public
still continued to write once back in prison
