Political Divisions

Question 1

What were the reasons for Charles beginning his Personal Rule?
( 2 points)

Answer 1

The collapse in relationship between Charles and the Political Nation
Charles’ belief in his own divine right

Question 2

What was the significance of the Privy Council in Charles’ Personal Rule?

Answer 2

Without Parliament, the Privy Council had much greater importance/influence over Charles’ decisions

Question 3

What was the Personal Rule?

Answer 3

The period in which Charles I abolished parliament and the government and ruled without Parliament.

Question 4

Suggest 4 key features of Arminianism

Answer 4

less ‘demanding’
appealed to the bulk of moderate Calvinists
favoured by Charles
emphasis on ceremony, music and images

Question 5

Suggest 3 key features of Puritanism

Answer 5

emphasis on long sermons and preaching
believed they were ‘selected to be saved’ (made them unpopular)
emphasis on individual prayer and self-reflection

Question 6

Suggest 3 key features of Laudianism

Answer 6

rejected predestination
less emphasis on Bible and preaching
emphasis on ritual and ceremony

Question 7

What was the problem with Charles’ support of Laudianism

Answer 7

Broke the Jacobethan balance

Question 8

What key feature did Laudianism place heavy influence on?

Answer 8

‘Beauty of Holiness’ and the decoration of churches

Question 9

Most visible changes made to Churches due to Laudian Measures:

(6 points)

Answer 9

• communion table moved and railed off as an altar at east end of church
• increased emphasis on ceremony
• decoration of stained glass windows
• increased use of music in services
• ministers wearing vestments (not plain robes)
  removal of gentry’s ornamental pews

Question 10

Puritan response to Laudian Church reforms

Answer 10

Puritans believed physical changes were forms of idolatry (which was a main wrong of Catholicism) and so were angered

Question 11

What was Laud’s Altar Policy?

Answer 11

moved the communion table to Far East end of Church (same location as Catholic altar)
chancel would be raised by some reps
chancel area would be separated from rest of church by a rail
Altar covered with an embroidered cloth

Question 12

Laudian changes to church ceremony

Answer 12

Laudianism mirrors Catholicism in its emphasis on ceremony

• Church services were centred on a Catechism and a set Prayer book to be recited

Question 13

Laudian Campaign against unlicensed preaching

Answer 13

Laud limited preaching to only a Sunday and attacked Feoffees for impropriations in 1633

Question 14

How did Laud enhance the power of Church hierarchy?

4 points

Answer 14

Ordered Bishops to visit each of their parishes at least once every three years
archbishops reported directly to Charles
Priests given jobs as JPs and many bishops sat on Privy council
Prerogative courts to judge religious cases (Star Chamber)

Question 15

Feoffees for impropriations

When?
What was it?

Answer 15

1633
A Puritan organisation that raised money to control the appointment of clergy to praised in order to establish Puritan preachers = forbidden by Laud

Question 16

Reissue of the Book of Sports

When?
What was it?

Answer 16

1633
Made sports after the Sunday service compulsory and was read from the Pulpit so that it was known to everyone in the community

Question 17

How were Laudian measures enforced?

Answer 17

Through visitations and ecclesiastical courts.

Visitations were official visits by Bishops to report on Parishes

Question 18

Charles I’s role in imposition of Laudianism

Answer 18

Supported Arminians due to a growing hatred of Puritans, and his belief in his own divine right

Question 19

Puritan response to Charles’ role in imposition of Laudianism

(2 points)

Answer 19

became heavily focussed on Charles’ religious policies and the prominence of anti-Calvinist Arminians at court
believed the King was influenced by Catholics like his wife Henrietta Maria (believed there was a Catholic conspiracy)

Question 20

Who were Puritans?

Answer 20

heavy importance on the Bible
Anti-Catholicism
Believed in Millenarianism

Question 20

St Gregory’s case

When was it?
What was it?

Answer 20

1633

Parishioners of St Gregory’s Church London challenged moving the communion table to east end of the church
disagrees with the use of richly decorated cloth on altar table and separation of altar from congregation
parishioners brought before the Privy Council

Question 21

John Williams case

When was it?
What was it?

Answer 21

1637

Bishop John Williams imprisoned for publishing a criticism of the Altar policy in ‘The Holy Table, Name and Thing’
suggested that Protestants even opposed Catholic terminology

Question 22

Prynn, Burton and Bastwick

When was it?
What was it?

Answer 22

1637

well respected Puritans (John Bastwick, Henry Burton, William Prynn)
brought before English Court of Law for criticising Church policy
found guilty of criticising Laud’s measures = fined £5000, imprisoned for life and ears cropped
people sympathised a lot with them (not over views but because they had respectable professions)

Question 23

John Lilbourne

When was it?
What was it?

Answer 23

1638

He helped to distribute Bastwick’s work
driven to oppose Laudianism by Protestant views and committed himself to Print
1638 found guilt of printing unlicensed literature
fined, whipped and pilloried in public
still continued to write once back in prison