RNU week 2

Question 1

when does testicular descent begin?

Answer 1

10th week of pregnancy

Question 2

processus vaginalis

Answer 2

extension of peritoneum which is carried into scrotum by descent of the testes and which will go onto form the tunica vaginalis

Question 3

varicocoele

Answer 3

bag of worms

Question 4

orchitis

Answer 4

big swollen testes

Question 5

hydrocoele

Answer 5

collection of fluid around the testicle in the tunica vaginalis

Question 6

cryptorchidism

Answer 6

impalpable or undescended testes

Question 7

Hypospadias

Answer 7

ectopically positioned urethral meatus lies proximal to the normal site and on the ventral aspect of the penis, in severe cases onto the scrotum. Foreskin on ventral side is deficient

Question 8

Clinical tests for fertility in females

Answer 8

AMH - ovarian reserve
Gonadotrophins
SHBG
Transvaginal ultrasound
tubal patency test

Question 9

Clinical tests for fertility in males

Answer 9

semen analysis 
gonadotrophins
testosterone
SHBG
physical exam 
urine testing for retrograde ejaculation

Question 10

parts of the urethra

Answer 10

pre-prostatic: 1cm (transitional epithelium)
prostatic: about 3-4cm (transitional epithelium)
membranous part: pseudostratified columnar epithelium
spongey - pseudostratified columnar proximally becoming stratified squamous more distally

Question 11

roof of the inguinal canal

Answer 11

internal oblique muscle

transverse abdominus muscle

Question 12

anterior wall of the inguinal canal

Answer 12

aponeurosis of internal oblique

aponeurosis of external oblique

Question 13

floor of inguinal canal

Answer 13

lacunar ligament

inguinal ligament

Question 14

posterior wall of inguinal canal

Answer 14

conjoint tendon

transversalis fascia

Question 15

function of the inguinal canal

Answer 15

functions as a pathway by which structures can pas from the abdominal wall to the external genitalia

Question 16

things that prevent inguinal herniation

Answer 16

oblique direction of the canal means that the two rings do not coincide.
When intra-abdominal pressure is raise the posterior and anterior walls are pressed together with the rings being off set.
The canal is thickened on each end

Question 17

hernia

Answer 17

protrusion, bulge or projection of an organ of part of an organ through the body wall that normally contains it

Question 18

fascia covering the spermatic cord

Answer 18

external spermatic
cremasteric muscle and fascia
internal spermatic fascia

Question 19

arteries in the spermatic cord

Answer 19

testicular, cremasteric and artery of the vas

Question 20

veins in the spermatic cord

Answer 20

pampiniform plexus, cremasteric vein, vein of the vas

Question 21

structures in the spermatic cord

Answer 21

vas deferens, lymphatic of the testes, processus vaginalis

Question 22

nerves in the spermatic cord

Answer 22

nerve to the cremaster, sympathetic fibres from T10-T11