Endocrine week 1

Question 1

Glycaemic index

Answer 1

Measure of how long it takes the body to render the carbohydrates from a food and digest them, when compared with pure glucose.

Question 2

GLUT-4

Answer 2

adipocytes, skeletal and cardiac muscle

Question 3

GLUT-2

Answer 3

liver, pancreatic beta cells, small intestine and kidney

Question 4

glucokinase (hexokinase IV)

Answer 4

found in liver and pancreatic beta cells. Has a high Km (low affinity)

Question 5

phosphofructokinase

Answer 5

inhibited by citrate and ATP, its downstream products

Question 6

MODY

Answer 6

mutations in factors which leads to non-secretion of insulin:
HNF 1alpha mutation
glucokinase mutation
HNF-1beta mutation

Question 7

exocrine

Answer 7

cells secreting substances via ducts which are then released onto epithelial surfaces

Question 8

endocrine

Answer 8

cells producing hormones which are released into the bloodstream and act at distant sites

Question 9

paracrine

Answer 9

cells secreting chemical messengers which act nearby

Question 10

autocrine

Answer 10

cells secreting substances into the extracellular space which then act upon the same cells which have produced them