RNAV/PBN Flashcards
What data can an aircraft use when navigating with RNAV?
- ground based navaids
- GNSS
- self-contained navigation systems such as IRS
- a combination of the above
how does data fusion work?
data is amalgamated based on a hierarchy of the relative accuracies of each system used
what are the 3 primary applications of RNAV?
- shorter routes can be organised because they don’t require aircraft to route between beacons
- aircraft can be flown into terminal areas on pre-programmed arrival and departure paths to expedite traffic flow.
- instrument approaches can be developed and certified at certain airports, which need no airport based instrument landing aids
what does basic RNAV B-RNAV demand?
a level of accuracy such that the aircraft is within 5nm of its intended position 95% of the time
what does precision RNAV P-RNAV demand?
a level of accuracy such that the aircraft is within 1nm of its intended position 95% of the time
what does 2 dimensional RNAV use?
VOR/DME or inertial information
what does 3D RNAV require inputs from?
ADC, Altimeter and GNSS
What does 4D RNAV add to the system?
time guidance
what are the most accurate aids when using RNAV?
- GNSS
- INS/IRS
- DME/DME
- VOR/DME
- VOR/VOR
what is RNP?
required navigation performance is the level of accuracy required to comply with the standards for a defined navigational area
what navigation accuracy must an aircraft that is operating in RNP airspace possess?
a total position area equal to or less than the required RNP.
what if your aircraft cannot achieve the RNP requirement for a particular airspace?
you cannot enter without a special dispensation from ATC
What is required with regard to failures when flying in RNP airspace?
a failure of equipment or failure to keep RNP standard must be indicated to the crew
what does 2D RNAV use to determine position?
VOR/DME
in 2D RNAV what does the computer use to track to a phantom waypoint?
a calculated great circle track
what are the required functions for B-RNAV?
- continuous indication of the aircrafts position relative to the track must be displayed
- distance and bearing to active waypoint
- display of groundspeed and time to active waypoint
- storage of at least 4 waypoints
- appropriate failure indication of the RNAV system, including its sensors
how do most B-RNAV recievers operate?
a VOR/DME beacon is tuned and a radial and distance are used to define a phantom waypoint
what are an RNAV units 4 modes of operation?
- conventional VOR/DME
- En-route RNAV
- Approach RNAV
- VOR/PAR
What does parallel track (PAR) mode allow?
permits the aircraft to fly a track parallel to the direct track offset by a selected distance
what is full scale deflection in VOR/DME mode?
10 degree angular error
what is full scale deflection in RNAV en-route mode?
5nm cross track error
what is full scale deflection in RNAV approach mode?
1.25nm cross track error
what is full scale deflection in VOR/PAR mode?
5nm cross track error
what is the reference used in a 3D or 4D RNAV system?
wgs84
