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instrument rating > RNAV/PBN > Flashcards

RNAV/PBN Flashcards

1
Q

What data can an aircraft use when navigating with RNAV?

A
  • ground based navaids
  • GNSS
  • self-contained navigation systems such as IRS
  • a combination of the above
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2
Q

how does data fusion work?

A

data is amalgamated based on a hierarchy of the relative accuracies of each system used

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3
Q

what are the 3 primary applications of RNAV?

A
  • shorter routes can be organised because they don’t require aircraft to route between beacons
  • aircraft can be flown into terminal areas on pre-programmed arrival and departure paths to expedite traffic flow.
  • instrument approaches can be developed and certified at certain airports, which need no airport based instrument landing aids
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4
Q

what does basic RNAV B-RNAV demand?

A

a level of accuracy such that the aircraft is within 5nm of its intended position 95% of the time

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5
Q

what does precision RNAV P-RNAV demand?

A

a level of accuracy such that the aircraft is within 1nm of its intended position 95% of the time

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6
Q

what does 2 dimensional RNAV use?

A

VOR/DME or inertial information

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7
Q

what does 3D RNAV require inputs from?

A

ADC, Altimeter and GNSS

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8
Q

What does 4D RNAV add to the system?

A

time guidance

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9
Q

what are the most accurate aids when using RNAV?

A
  • GNSS
  • INS/IRS
  • DME/DME
  • VOR/DME
  • VOR/VOR
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10
Q

what is RNP?

A

required navigation performance is the level of accuracy required to comply with the standards for a defined navigational area

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11
Q

what navigation accuracy must an aircraft that is operating in RNP airspace possess?

A

a total position area equal to or less than the required RNP.

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12
Q

what if your aircraft cannot achieve the RNP requirement for a particular airspace?

A

you cannot enter without a special dispensation from ATC

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13
Q

What is required with regard to failures when flying in RNP airspace?

A

a failure of equipment or failure to keep RNP standard must be indicated to the crew

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14
Q

what does 2D RNAV use to determine position?

A

VOR/DME

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15
Q

in 2D RNAV what does the computer use to track to a phantom waypoint?

A

a calculated great circle track

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16
Q

what are the required functions for B-RNAV?

A
  • continuous indication of the aircrafts position relative to the track must be displayed
  • distance and bearing to active waypoint
  • display of groundspeed and time to active waypoint
  • storage of at least 4 waypoints
  • appropriate failure indication of the RNAV system, including its sensors
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17
Q

how do most B-RNAV recievers operate?

A

a VOR/DME beacon is tuned and a radial and distance are used to define a phantom waypoint

18
Q

what are an RNAV units 4 modes of operation?

A
  • conventional VOR/DME
  • En-route RNAV
  • Approach RNAV
  • VOR/PAR
19
Q

What does parallel track (PAR) mode allow?

A

permits the aircraft to fly a track parallel to the direct track offset by a selected distance

20
Q

what is full scale deflection in VOR/DME mode?

A

10 degree angular error

21
Q

what is full scale deflection in RNAV en-route mode?

A

5nm cross track error

22
Q

what is full scale deflection in RNAV approach mode?

A

1.25nm cross track error

23
Q

what is full scale deflection in VOR/PAR mode?

A

5nm cross track error

24
Q

what is the reference used in a 3D or 4D RNAV system?

A

wgs84

25
Q

what does mode 3d or 4d RNAV equipment display?

A
  • present position
  • directional information and distance to active waypoint
  • stored multiple flight plans
  • displays cross track error from planned route and timings for the waypoints
  • automatically updates the aircrafts position using external sources or IRS
  • indicates equipment failures and mode degradation
26
Q

what is aviations recommended standard for preparation and transmission of data for assembling nav databases?

A

ARINC 424

27
Q

what does ARINC 424 provide?

A

vertical guidance and ground tracks for a procedure using paths and terminators

28
Q

what is accuracy defined by in PBN navigation?

A
  • accuracy limit

- containment limit

29
Q

what must total system error be with 95% probability?

A

equal to or less than 1xRNP

30
Q

What is the probability that an aircraft will remain within the containment limit?

A

99.999% of flight time

31
Q

what is the maximum total system error with regard to the containment limit?

A

equal to or less than 2xRNP

32
Q

What are the integrity requirements for PBN nav?

A

the probability of transgressing the containment limit without alert must be less than 10-5 integrity requirement (aircraft will be inside 2xRNP value for 95% of the time-if not, crew are alerted)

33
Q

what are the 3 components of PBN?

A
  • navaid infrastructure
  • navaid specification
  • navaid application
34
Q

what navaid is not an acceptable ground based aid for PBN?

A

NDB

35
Q

What are the 2 types of RNAV specification?

A

RNP= requirement for onboard self-contained performance monitoring and alerting

RNAV= Area navigation without performance monitoring

36
Q

when is RNP 4/2 used?

A

oceanic and remote continental navigation applications

37
Q

when is a radius to fix (RF) leg used?

A

when there is a requirement for a specific curved path radius in a terminal or approach procedure.

38
Q

when is a fixed radius transition used?

A

to improve airspace usage through closely spaced parallel routes.

39
Q

what are the 2 possible radii for a fixed radius transition?

A

22.5nm above FL195

15nm for low altitude routes

40
Q

how does an aircraft obtain PBN airworthiness approval?

A

the aircraft must meet performance levels described in the navigation specification relating to:

  • performance of onboard systems in terms of accuracy, continuity and integrity
  • functionalities of the system
41
Q

what does an operational approval set out procedures for?

A

contingency in the event of losing all or part of the navigation system

instrument rating (6 decks)

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