RNAV & PBN (06-06-18) Flashcards
What are the factors used to define RNAV or RNP system performance requirements?
Accuracy
Integrity
Continuity
Functionality
What are the RNAV or RNP systems for?
Optimising the utilisation of available airspace
Regarding RNAV/RNP, what should flight crews and air traffic controllers be aware of?
On board RNAV and RNP system capabilities to determine if the performance is appropriate for the airspace being used
What must the accuracy of RNAV/RNP systems be?
within stated limits 95% of the time
With respect to RNAV/RNP, what is continuity?
The capability of the system to perform its function without unscheduled interruptions during the intended operation
With respect to RNAV/RNP, what is integrity?
the measure of trust that can be placed in the correctness of the information supplied by the total system. This includes the ability of the system to provide valid warnings.
What are RNAV and RNP systems based on?
RNAV is based on sensors
RNP is not, but is based on performance
What are the components of a PBN system?
nav aid infrastructure
nav specification
nav application
What is PBN limited to in oceanic/remote en-route, terminal phases of flight?
linear and lateral performance requirements and time constraints
During the approach phases of flight what operations does PBN accommodate?
linear and angular laterally guided operations
In regard to monitoring RNP and RNAV, what does RNP require that RNAV does not?
a monitoring and warning system
What are the basic RNP and RNAV functional requirements?
Continuous indication of lateral deviation, distance/bearing to active waypoint, GS or time to active waypoint, navigation data storage and failure indication.
Considering RNP X, what does the ‘X’ mean?
the lateral distance from track within which the aircraft can be expected to remain for 95% of the time.
If an aircraft is approved for the most stringent accuracy requirements for RNAV/RNP, what can be said about its approval for less stringent requirements?
it may not meet the functional requirements of a navigation specification having less stringent accuracy requirements
What RNAV specifications are used in remote/oceanic phases of flight?
RNAV 10 and RNAV 4
What RNAV specifications are used in en-route and arrival phases of flight?
RNAV 5
The following are used in RNAV and RNP specifications:
*RNAV 2 and RNP 2*
RNAV 20 and RNP 20 X
RNAV 3 and RNP 3 X
RNAV 15 and RNP 15 X
What RNAV and RNP specifications may be used in en-route and remote/oceanic phases of flight?
RNAV 2 and RNP 2
What RNAV and RNP specifications can be used in arrival and departure phases of flight?
RNAV 1 and RNP 1
What kind of RNP specification is used during the approach phase of flight?
RNP APCH
When authorisation is required, what RNP is used during approach phase of flight?
RNP AR APCH
When is RNP 0.3 used?
in all phases of flight apart from oceanic/remote and final approach primarily for helicopters
Which RNAV/RNP specifications may be used in enroute phases of low level IFR helicopter flights?
RNAV 1, RNP 1 and RNP 0.3
What is a radius to fix leg?
a type of path terminator defined by radius, arc length and fix.
What is a fixed radius transition?
A path with 2 possible radii:
22.5nm for high altitude
15nm for low altitude
What can be said about the flight director and the speed constraints associated with an RF procedure?
Both the flight director and the speed constraints must be respected
What is a fly by way point turn?
a waypoint that the aircraft doesn’t need to fly directly over, it can just fly by it, towards the next waypoint
What are the standards for coding SIDS nand STARs set by?
ARINC 424 path terminators
What are path terminators?
specified termination types describing the termination of the previous flight path
What is an offset flight path?
One which is offset from the original flight path and parallel to it.
What is path definition error?
The difference between the path defined by the RNAV database and the desired path?
What is flight technical error?
the autopilots ability to follow the defined path or track?
What is navigation system error?
the difference between the aircrafts estimated position and its actual position
What is total system error the sum of?
Path definition error, flight technical error and navigation error
What does nav system accuracy depend on for RNAV/RNP?
Total system error
What is on board performance monitoring and alerting of flight technical error managed by?
On board systems and crew procedures
On board performance monitoring and alerting of navigation system error is?
a requirement of on-board equipement for RNP
Depending on the navigation sensor, what is the estimated position error compared with?
The required navigation specification
When considering the estimated position error (EPE), what does the aircraft base its estimates of probable position error on?
available data sources and time from initialisation / last update. This EPE value is evaluated against the certification requirements and the pilot is warned whenever accuracy limit is not satisfied
What happens when the system cannot guarantee that the position meets the accuracy requirements?
an alert is issued
What is to happen if there is a loss of PBN capability?
abnormal and contingency procedures are to be used
When can the navigation database no be valid for current aeronautical control cycle?
when specified in operations documentation or acceptable means of compliance
What does RNAV 10 require an aircraft to be equiped with for operating in oceanic and remote areas?
At least 2 independent and serviceable long range navigation systems comprising an INS, IRS/FMS or GNSS
To help preserve the integrity of the RNAV 10 system, what must an aircraft incorporating dual INS or IRUs have?
A maximum allowable time elapsed from the onset of the navigation system being out of tolerance until the equipment enunciates an alarm.
How can operators extend the navigation capability time of their RNAV 10 systems?
They can have their systems updated
If operators wish to use RNAV 5 then:
a manual data entry is acceptable
In order for a pilot to fly an RNAV 1, RNAV 2, RNP 1, RNP 2 SID or STAR, what must it be?
retrievable by route name from the onboard navigation database and conforms to the standard route
If pilots wish to fly an RNAV 1, RNAV 2, RNP 1, RNP 2 SID or STAR, how can it be subsequently modified?
By the insertion or deletion of specific waypoints in response to ATC clearences
If pilots wish to modify a SID or STAR, what can’t be done?
it cant be done by creation of new waypoints of either latitude or longitude or plac/bearing/ distance values
What must be the case when using RNP 4?
at least 2 LRNs capable of RNP 4 must be operational at the entry point of RNP airspace, and consideration should be given to using CPDLA and ADC-C
If pilots wish to fly an RNP approach then.
it must be retrievable by procedure name from the on-board naigation databse and conform to the standard route
An RNP approach to LNAV minima is?
a non-precision approach designs for 2 dimensional operations
An RNP approach to LNAV minima has?
lateral guidance based on GNSS and vertical guidance based on SBAS or BaroNAV
An RNP apprpach to LNAV/VNAV minima may be conducted?
only with vertical guidance certified for the purpose
an RNP approach to LNAV/VNAV minima may be conducted:
only when the aerodrome temperature is within a promulgated range, unless the barometric input is temperature compensated
when conducting an RNP approach using BaroNAV:
the correct altimeter setting is critical for the safe conduct of the approach
an RNP approach to LNAV/VNAV minima is:
a three dimensionsal operation
An RNP approach to localiser performance with vertical guidance (LPV) minima is:
a three dimensional operation
An RNP approach to LPV minima requires:
a final approach segment data block
An RNP approach to LPV minima require:
SBAS
The FAS data block is?
a standard data format to describe the final approach path
The AR in an RNP AR APP stands for
Authorisation required
Advanced RNP incorporates the navigation specifications of:
RNAV 5, RNAV 2, RNAV 1, RNP 2, RNP 1 and RNP APP
