RNA Viruses Flashcards by Olivia Iorio

Influenza Viruses Morphology/structure

Negative sense
ssRNA,
envelope

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Influenza Viruses modes of transmission

Spread
through air by
coughs or
sneezes of an
infected
person

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Influenza Viruses virulence factors

Hemagglutinin:
aids in
attachment,
Neuraminidase:
breaks down
mucous.

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Influenza Viruses diseases/symptoms

The flu, symptoms
include: a high fever, runny
nose, sore throat, muscle
pains, headache, coughing,
and feeling tired.

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Influenza Viruses diagnostics

Rapid
influenza
diagnostic
test (RIDT) -
detects viral
antigens in
respiratory
specimens.
PCR to
detect viral
RNA is also
available.

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Influenza Viruses prevention/treatment

Seasonal flu
vaccine is
usually against 3
or 4 different
strains that are
believed to be
prevalent that
season.

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Hepatitis C Virus
(HCV) morphology/structure

Enveolped,
positive sense
ssRNA.
Member of the
Flaviviridae
family.

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Hepatitis C Virus
(HCV) modes of transmission

Can be
transmitted
sexually and to
baby via
placenta.
Possibly
through
tattoos

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Hepatitis C Virus
(HCV) virulence factors

Not really clear.

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Hepatitis C Virus
(HCV) diseases/symptoms

Cirrhosis, liver cancer,
some lymphomas.

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Hepatitis C Virus
(HCV) diagnostics

Enzyme
Immunoassa
y for
antibodies.
Also, PCR to
detect viral
RNA .

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Hepatitis C Virus
(HCV) prevention/treatment

No vaccine.
Can be treated
with interferon
and the antiviral
drug ribavirin

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Hepatitis C Virus
(HCV) immune response

Evades
interferon
(IFN)-based
antiviral
immunity.

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Respiratory
Syncytial Virus
(RSV) morphology/structure

Enveloped,
Negativesense, ssRNA
of the family
Pneumoviridae

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Respiratory
Syncytial Virus
(RSV) modes of transmission

Direct contact
with infected
person.

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Respiratory
Syncytial Virus
(RSV) virulence factors

F proteins on the
surface of the
virus cause cell
membranes on
nearby cells to
merge
(syncytia).

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Respiratory
Syncytial Virus
(RSV) diseases/symptoms

Bronchitis, during infancy
and childhood. Sometimes
can lead to pneumonia or
death in children.

Respiratory
Syncytial Virus
(RSV) diagnostics

Presence of
viral antigens
in respiratory
specimens.

Respiratory
Syncytial Virus
(RSV) prevention/treatment

Fluids and
oxygen therapy,
breathing
support or nasal
high flow
oxygen.
Salbutamol -
relieves
bronchospasms

Respiratory
Syncytial Virus
(RSV) immune response

Many people
get very mild
symptoms.
More serious
illness seen in
premature or
immunocompr
omised
children. May
be associated
with asthma.

rotavirus morphology/structure

ds RNA Reoviridae family

rotavirus modes of transmission

transmitted by oral-fecal route

rotavirus virulence factors

NSP4 enterotoxin. VP3 protein that puts 5’ cap on viral mRNA that protects it from degradation. NSP1 blocks interferon response

rotavirus diseases/symptoms

most common diarrhoeal diseases among infants and young children. causes nausea, diarrhea, vomiting

rotavirus diagnostics

detection of the virus in stool via immunoassay

rotavirus prevention/treatment

vaccine. management of symptoms and dehydration

rotavirus immune response

malabsorption due to destruction of gut cells

Norovirus morphology/structure

positive sense ssRNA, non-enveloped

Norovirus mode of transmission

transmitted by person to person contact or by fecally contaminated food or water

Norovirus virulence factors

binds to blood cells and epithelial cells

Norovirus diseases/symptoms

most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in human. symptoms include: diarrhea, vomiting, and abdominal pail. common in closed communities such as care facilities or cruise ships

Norovirus diagnostics

PCR to detect viral particles

Norovirus prevention/treatment

antidiarrheal medication and managing dehydration

Norovirus immune response

different strains bind to different blood groups

covid-19 morphology/structure

positive sense ssRNA, enveloped

covid-19 modes of transmission

person to person via respiratory droplets is most common. possibly also fecal-oral route

covid-19 virulence factors

binds to ACE2 epithelial cells of lungs, causes edema, inflammation

covid-19 diseases/symptoms

most common: pneumonia-like symptoms: fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, loss of smell and taste

covid-19 diagnostics

RT-PCR to test for viral antigens. Antibody test to see if have been exposed

covid-19 treatment/prevention

vaccine. wash hands, avoid large crowds, remdesivir, convalescent plasma used to treat

covid-19 immune response

hyper imflammation