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Virology (Finals) > RNA Virus > Flashcards

RNA Virus Flashcards

1
Q
  • Sand shape appearance in electron microscope
  • Acquired through inhalation from infected rodent or direct contact
A

Arenavirus

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2
Q

Tacaribe, Guanarito, Junin and Machupo

A

New World Arena Virus

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3
Q

o Mus musculus
o Mastomys natalensis
o Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis
o Lassa virus

A

Old World Arena Virus

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4
Q

ARENAVIRUS

rare case of aseptic meningitis

A

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis

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5
Q

ARENAVIRUS

hemorrhagic fever + influenza like

A

Lassa virus

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6
Q
  • Star appearance in EM
  • Account to 2-9% of pediatric gastroenteritis in the world
A

Astrovirus

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7
Q

Type and Organ damage associated with Bunyavirus

— Rift valley fever virus

A

Phlebovrift – (Brain and liver))

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8
Q

Type and Organ damage associated with Bunyavirus

— LaCrosse and California encephalitis

A

Orthobunyab – (Brain)

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9
Q

Type and Organ damage associated with Bunyavirus

— Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic fever

A

Nairovirus (Vascular, Endothelium and Liver)

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10
Q

Type and Organ damage associated with Bunyavirus

— rodent borne bunyavirus
— Disease is known as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS)

A

Hantavirus

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11
Q

Small (30-38nm) rounded nonenveloped that causes gastroenteritis to human

A

Calicivirus

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12
Q

two types of calicivirus

A

Norovirus / Norwalk virus

Sapovirus

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13
Q

CALICIVIRUS

o Associated with 80% of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in underdeveloped countries
o Due to ingestion of contaminated shell fish and water

A

Norovirus/Norwalk virus

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14
Q

CALICIVIRUS

o Cup-shape in EM, also associated with gastroenteritis

A

Sapovirus

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15
Q

• Pleomorphic, roughly spherical
• Extremely fragile and difficult to culture
• Resemble halo/crown on external surface of the virus

A

Coronavirus

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16
Q

CORONAVIRUS

– acquired from civet cat that originated from Guangdong, China

A

SARS-COV1

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17
Q

CORONAVIRUS

– acquired from camel that originated in Middle East

A

MERS-COV

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18
Q

CORONAVIRUS

– possibly acquired from Pangolin (bat) that originated from Wuhan, China

A

SARS-COV2

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19
Q

SARS-COV2 detection

A

Direct – microscopy/viral nucleic acid (RT-PCR)

Indirect – serological testing (Antigen)

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20
Q

SARS-COV2 Variant of concern

Alpha (B117) –

Beta (B1351) –

Gamma (P1) –

Delta (B16172) –

A

United Kingdom

South Africa

Brazil

India

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21
Q

• Most pathogenic hemorrhagic virus

threadlike due to long filamentous morphology in EM

A

Filovirus

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22
Q

Filovirus Types

A

A. Marburg hemorrhagic fever
B. Ebola Virus

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23
Q

FILOVIRUS

• 25% fatality rate
• Acquired from African Green Monkey

A

Marburg hemorrhagic fever

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24
Q

FILOVIRUS

• Emerging virus due to eating of wild animal meat in Africa
• Acquired through direct contact with infected animal or human
• 80% fatality rate

A

Ebola Virus

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25
Q

Derived from flavus which means yellow

A

Flavivirus

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26
Q

Flavivirus types

A

A. Yellow Fever
B. Dengue Virus
C. St. Louis Encephalitis
D. Zika Virus
E. West Nile Virus
F. Hepatitis C

27
Q

FLAVIVIRUS

Yellow fever three cycles:

A
  1. Sylvatic (monkey; transmitted by mosquitoes Aedes aegypti)
  2. Urban (human)
  3. Intermediate (human)
28
Q

FLAVIVIRUS

• Dengue vectors - _________
• It has 4 serotypes (1 to 4)

• Major protein in dengue virus called “__” for enveloped protein

A

Denge Virus

— Aedes,aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Aedes polynesiensis

— E

29
Q

FLAVIVIRUS

Transmitted by Culex mosquitoes and mostly in summer months

A

St. Louis Encephalitis (SCE)

30
Q

FLAVIVIRUS

Spread by daytime Aedes aegypti and albopictus

cause of Guillain-Barre syndrome in adults

A

Zika Virus

31
Q

FLAVIVIRUS

• Vector is Culex mosquito

• Maintained in bird-mosquito cycle such as crows, ravens

A

West Nile Virus

32
Q

FLAVIVIRUS

• Associated with chronic liver disease
• Not an arthropod because the MOT is parenteral etc.

A

Hepatitis C

33
Q

Previously under calicivirus

High case fatality rate in pregnant women (10-20%)

A

Hepevirus

34
Q

Pleomorphic single strand with 8 segments

Transmitted through respiratory secretions

A

Orthomyxovirus

35
Q

With three serotypes
o A – naturally infects ____
o B and C – ___

Influenza is further subdivided based on Hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA)
o Hemagglutinin are _ shape spikes
o Neuraminidase are ____ spikes

A

Orthomyxovirus

A - animals
B&C - human

rod;
mushroom

36
Q

refers to alteration to influenza HA and NA antigens

A

Antigenic drift

37
Q

occurs after having a completely new novel type

A

Antigenic shift

38
Q

ONLY ___________ found in human population

o _____ – Spanish Flu
o _____ – Asian Flu
o _____ – Hongkong Flu
o ____ – Avian Flu

A

H1 H2 H3 N1 N2

o H1N1
o H2N2
o H3N2
o H5N1

39
Q

Do not have segments that’s why they don’t undergo antigenic shift

A

paramyxovirus

40
Q

paramyxovirus types

A

A. Mumps or Rubulavirus

B. Parainfluenza virus

C. Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) or Pneumovirus

D. Measles or Morbilivirus

E. Metapneumovirus

F. Nipah virus

41
Q

PARAMYXOVIRUS

Characterized by inflamed salivary gland (infection of parotid gland) accompanied by high temperature and fatigue

A

Mumps or Rubulavirus

42
Q

PARAMYXOVIRUS

Second cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children after RSV

• 4 serotypes

o Parainfluenza 1 is associated with ___ (larygeotracheobronchitis)

o ____ is severe and fatal associated with -

A

Parainfluenza virus

croup

Parainfluenza 3

43
Q

PARAMYXOVIRUS

• Most significant cause of acute RTI in children under 5 years of age worldwide
• Contains a surface F protein (Fusion)
• Leads to giant multinucleated cells

A

Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) or Pneumovirus

44
Q

PARAMYXOVIRUS

Highly contagious accompanied by maculopapular rash and fever

A

Measles or Morbilivirus

45
Q

PARAMYXOVIRUS

Associated with winter epidemics bronchiolitis and pneumonia which is common in children

A

Metapneumovirus

46
Q

PARAMYXOVIRUS

Can cause febrile encephalitis in human

A

Nipah Virus

47
Q

• Simplest of RNA viruses with highly structured capsid but limited surface elaboration
• Consist of 30% RNA and 70% protein

A

Picornavirus

48
Q

PICORNAVIRUS

The most common cause of aseptic meningitis or inflammation of brain parenchyma
• Primary MOT: Respiratory or gastrointestinal

A

Enterovirus

49
Q

PICORNAVIRUS

Major cause of cold virus

Resistant to detergents, lipid solvents, and temperature extremes, but sensitive to pH less than 6

A

Rhinovirus

50
Q

Respiratory Enteric Orphan

A

Reovirus

51
Q

REOVIRUS

The most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in infants and children worldwide

A

rotavirus

52
Q

REOVIRUS

With 12 RNA segments
• Associated with Colorado tick fever

A

Coltivirus

53
Q

Reovirus examples

A

A. Rotavirus
B. Coltivirus

54
Q

Picornavirus examples

A

A. Enterovirus
B. Rhinovirus

55
Q

Retrovirus examples:

A

A. Oncovirus
B. Lentivirus

56
Q

_____ are oncovirus but not cytolytic

o HTLV 1 is known as ____

o HTLV 2 is known as _____

A

HTLV-1, HTLV-2 and HTLV-5

T cell leukemia

Hairy Cell Leukemia

57
Q

HIV antigens :

HIV screening test:
HIV confirmatory test:

A

p24, gp41, gp120, gp160

S: ELISA
C: Western blot

58
Q

Worldwide prevalence; main groups are M, N, O whereas A-K are subgroups

A

HIV 1

59
Q

HIV in West Africa

A

HIV 2

60
Q

o Bullet shape appearance
o It is characterized by saliva frothing with painful spasm
o May lead to coma or death
o Associated with negri bodies in brain tissues of infected animals
and humans

A

Lyssavirus / Rabies
(under RHABDOVIRUS)

61
Q

Togavirus examples

A
  • Alphavirus
  • Rubella or Rubivirus
  • Chikungunya virus
62
Q

TOGAVIRUS

associated with equine encephalitis and transmitted by mosquitos

A

Alphavirus

63
Q

TOGAVIRUS

German measles or 3-day measles – may lead to congenital defect if pregnant women is infected

A

Rubella or Rubivirus

64
Q

TOGAVIRUS

associated with myositis and arthritis which is transmitted by Aedes aegypti

A

Chikungunya virus

Virology (Finals) (6 decks)

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