RNA Virus

Question 1

In RNA VIRUS, all are single stranded except:

Answer 1

Reovirus

Question 2

In RNA VIRUS, all are enveloped Except:

Answer 2

Picornavirus, Calicivuris and Reovirus

Question 3

In RNA VIRUS, they are generally helical except:

Answer 3

Picornavirus, Reovirus, Retrovirus, Flavivirus, Togavirus

Question 4

In RNA VIRUS, all replicate in cytoplasm except:

Answer 4

Orthomyxovirus, Retrovirus

Question 5

In RNA VIRUS the largest virus is ______, while the smallest is ______.

Answer 5

Largest: Paramyxovirus

Smallest: Picronavirus

Question 6

Arthropod borne (insect borne):
▪️Bunyaviridae (except Hantavirus)
▪️Flaviviridae (except Hepatitis C virus)
▪️Togaviridae (except Rubella)

Answer 6

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Question 7

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Sand shape appearance in electron microscope
▪️Acquired through inhalation from infected rodent or direct contact

Answer 7

ARENAVIRUS

Question 8

This type of ARENAVIRUS that manifest the following diseases;

Tacaribe, Guanarito, Junin and Machupo

Answer 8

New World Arena Virus

Question 9

This type of ARENAVIRUS that manifest the following diseases;

Mus musculus, Mastomys natalensis

Answer 9

Old World Arena Virus

Question 10

This disease is caused by ARENA VIRUS which is a rare case of aseptic meningitis

Answer 10

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis

Question 11

This is a virus that is under ARENA VIRUS which causes diseases like Hemorrhagic fever + influenza like

Answer 11

Lassa Virus

Question 12

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Star shaped appearance in EM
▪️Account to 2-9% of pediatric gastroenteritis in the world

Answer 12

ASTROVIRUS

Question 13

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Transmitted by mosquito, ticks and sandfly

Answer 13

BUNYAVIRUS

Question 14

Type and Organ damage associated with Bunyavirus

▪️Phlebo virus - Rift Valley Fever Virus - Brain and Liver
▪️Orthobunya virus - LaCrosse & California Encephalitis – Brain
▪️Nairovirus - Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever - Vascular Endothelium and
Liver
▪️Hantavirus – rodent borne bunyavirus
Disease caused is known as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)

Answer 14

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Question 15

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️ Small (30 to 38) nm rounded nonenveloped that cause gastroenteritis to humans

Answer 15

CALICIVIRUS

Question 16

This type of CALICIVIRUS that is associated with 80% of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in undeveloped countries
Due to ingestion of contaminated Shellfish and water

Answer 16

Norovirus / Norwalk Virus

Question 17

This type of CALICIVIRUS which is cup shaped in EM that is also associated with gastroenteritis

Answer 17

Sapovirus

Question 18

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Pleomorphic, roughly spherical
▪️Extremely fragile and difficult to
culture
▪️Resemble Halo/Crown on external
surface of the virus

Answer 18

CORONAVIRUS

Question 19

▪️SARS-COV1: Acquired from civet cat that originated from Guangdong, China
▪️MERS-COV: Acquired from camel that originated in middle east
▪️SARS-COV2: Possibly acquired from pangolin that originated for Wuhan,China

SARS-COV2 DETECTION
▪️Direct: Microscopy / Viral nucleic acid
▪️Indirect: Serological Testing e.g. Antigen test

VARIANTS OF CONCERN
▪️Alpha – B117: United Kingdom
▪️Beta – B1351: South Africa
▪️Gamma P1: Brazil
▪️Delta B16172: India

Answer 19

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Question 20

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Filo or threadlike due to long filamentous morphology in EM
▪️Most pathogenic of the hemorrhagic virus

Answer 20

FILOVIRUS

Question 21

This type of FILOVIRUS that has 25% fatality rate and acquired from emerging virus due to eating of African Green Monkey in Africa is called?

Answer 21

Marburg hemorrhagic fever virus

Question 22

This type of FILOVIRUS that has 80% fatality rate and acquired through direct contact with infected animal or human is called?

Answer 22

Ebola Virus

Question 23

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Derived from flavus which means Yellow – first type to be discovered is the Yellow Fever

Answer 23

FLAVIVIRUS

Question 24

A. Yellow Fever
Three Cycles
1. Sylvatic: Monkey population transmitted by mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti)
2. Urban: Human
3. Intermediate: Human
B. Dengue Virus
▪️Dengue vectors: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Aedes polynesiansis.
▪️It has four serotypes (1 to 4)
▪️Major protein in dengue virus, called ‘E’ for envelope protein
C. St. Louis Encephalitis (SCE)
▪️Is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes and mostly in summer months
D. Zika virus
▪️Spread by daytime Aedes aegypti and Albopictus
▪️There is preliminary evidence, that Zika is a cause of Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults.
F. West Nile Virus
▪️Vector is Culex mosquitos
▪️Maintained in bird-mosquito cycle such as crows, ravens
G. Hepatitis C virus
▪️Not an arthropod – Parenteral transmission
▪️Is associated with chronic liver disease

Answer 24

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Question 25

This type of RNA VIRUS; • Previously under calicivirus • High Case Fatality Rate in Pregnant Women (10-20%)

Answer 25

HEPEVIRUS

Question 26

This type of RNA VIRUS; ▪️Pleomorphic single stranded with 8 segments. Three Serotypes: ▪️A - naturally infects animals ▪️B, C - human Transmitted through respiratory secretions

Answer 26

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

Question 27

This is under ORTHOMYXOVIRUS Influenza is further subdivided based on Hemagglutinin(HA) and neuraminidase(NA): ▪️Hemagglutinins are rod shaped spikes ▪️Neuraminidase are mushroom shaped spikes Antigenic drift refers to alteration of Influenza HA and NA antigens Antigenic shift occurs after having a completely new novel type ONLY H1 H2 H3 N1 N2 found in human population ▪️H1N1 - Spanish Flu ▪️H2N2 - Asian Flu ▪️H3N2 - Hongkong Flu ▪️H5N1 - Avian Flu

Answer 27

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Question 28

This type of RNA VIRUS; ▪️Do not have segments that’s why they don’t undergo antigenic shift

Answer 28

PARAMYXOVIRUS

Question 29

This is under PARAMYXOVIRUS; A. Mumps or Rubulavirus ▪️Characterized by inflamed salivary gland accompanied by high temperature and fatigue; B. Parainfluenza virus ▪️Second cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children after RSV 4 serotypes ▪️Parainfluenza 1 is associated with croup (larygeotracheobronchitis) ▪️Parainfluenza 3 is severe and fatal associated C. Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) or Pneumovirus ▪️Most significant cause of acute RTI in children under 5 years of age worldwide. ▪️Contains a surface F protein (Fusion) ▪️Leads to Giant Multinucleated Cells D. Measles or Morbilivirus ▪️Highly contagious accompanied by maculopapular rash and fever E. Metapneumovirus ▪️Associated with winter epidemics bronchiolitis and pneumonia which is common in children F. Nipah virus ▪️Can cause encephalitis in human

Answer 29

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Question 30

This type of RNA VIRUS; ▪️Simplest of RNA viruses with highly structured capsid but limited surface elaboration ▪️Consists of 30% RNA and 70% Protein

Answer 30

PICORNAVIRUS

Question 31

This is under PICORNAVIRUS; A. Enterovirus ▪️The most common cause of aseptic meningitis or inflammation of brain parenchyma. ◾️Primary MOT: Respiratory or gastrointestinal Enteroviruses are subdivided into: ▪️Poliovirus (1-3): Associated with Paralytic Poleomyelitis or Flaccid Paralysis ▪️Coxsackie A (1-23): Associated with Herpangina or Severe Febrile Pharyngitis with small blisters in mouth ▪️Coxsackie B (1-6): Associated with Epidemic Myalgia or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; Pleurodynia or pain upon breathing; and Borneholm Disease ▪️Enterovirus (68-72): ▪️Echovirus (1-32): Characterized by cough, rash, and influenza like syndrome ▪️Parechovirus (1-4): B. Rhinovirus ▪️It is the major cause of Cold virus ▪️Resistant to detergents, lipid solvents, and temperature extremes but sensitive to pH less than 6.

Answer 31

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Question 32

This type of RNA VIRUS; (Respiratory Enteric Orphan)

Answer 32

REOVIRUS

Question 33

This type of REOVIRUS which is the most common cause of Viral Gastroenteritis in infants and children worldwide

Answer 33

Rotavirus

Question 34

This type of REOVIRUS which is associated with Colorado tick fever and has 12 RNA segments.

Answer 34

Coltivirus

Question 35

This type of RNA VIRUS; ▪️Requires RNA-dependent DNA polymerase

Answer 35

RETROVIRUS

Question 36

This is under RETROVIRUS; A. Oncovirus ▪️HTLV-1, HTLV-2 and HTLV-5 are oncovirus but not cytolytic  HTLV-1 is known as T cell leukemia ▪️HTLV-2 is known as Hairy Cell Leukemia B. Lentivirus ▪️HIV: It is the causative agent of AIDS ▪️HIV antigens are p24, gp41, gp120 and gp 160. ▪️Screening: ELISA ▪️Confirmatory: WB HIV has 2 groups: ▪️HIV 1: Worldwide prevalence, ▪️HIV-2: West Africa HIV -1 main groups are M,N and O whereas A-K are subgroup

Answer 36

Memorize

Question 37

This type of RNA VIRUS; ▪️Rabies is caused by several strains of viruses belonging to the genus Lyssavirus.

Answer 37

RHABDOVIRUS

Question 38

This type of RHABDOVIRUS; ▪️Bullet shaped appearance ▪️It is characterized by saliva frothing with painful spasm ▪️May lead to coma or death ▪️Associated with negri bodies in brain tissues of infected animals and humans

Answer 38

Lyssavirus/ Rabies

Question 39

This type of RNA VIRUS; This kind of virus which contains the genera Alphavirus, Rubivi- rus, and Arterivirus.

Answer 39

TOGAVIRUS

Question 40

This type of TOGAVIRUS is associated with equine encephalitis and transmitted by mosquitos, usually Aedes

Answer 40

Alphavirus

Question 41

This type of TOGAVIRUS is; ▪️Non arthropod type ▪️German measles or 3 day measles – may lead to congenital defect if pregnant women is infected

Answer 41

Rubella or Rubivirus

Question 42

This type of TOGAVIRUS is associated with myositis and arthritis which is transmitted by Aedes aegypti

Answer 42

Chikungunya virus