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Virology MTAP > RNA Virus > Flashcards

RNA Virus Flashcards

1
Q

In RNA VIRUS, all are single stranded except:

A

Reovirus

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2
Q

In RNA VIRUS, all are enveloped Except:

A

Picornavirus, Calicivuris and Reovirus

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3
Q

In RNA VIRUS, they are generally helical except:

A

Picornavirus, Reovirus, Retrovirus, Flavivirus, Togavirus

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4
Q

In RNA VIRUS, all replicate in cytoplasm except:

A

Orthomyxovirus, Retrovirus

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5
Q

In RNA VIRUS the largest virus is ______, while the smallest is ______.

A

Largest: Paramyxovirus

Smallest: Picronavirus

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6
Q

Arthropod borne (insect borne):
▪️Bunyaviridae (except Hantavirus)
▪️Flaviviridae (except Hepatitis C virus)
▪️Togaviridae (except Rubella)

A

Just memorize this one.

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7
Q

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Sand shape appearance in electron microscope
▪️Acquired through inhalation from infected rodent or direct contact

A

ARENAVIRUS

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8
Q

This type of ARENAVIRUS that manifest the following diseases;

Tacaribe, Guanarito, Junin and Machupo

A

New World Arena Virus

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9
Q

This type of ARENAVIRUS that manifest the following diseases;

Mus musculus, Mastomys natalensis

A

Old World Arena Virus

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10
Q

This disease is caused by ARENA VIRUS which is a rare case of aseptic meningitis

A

Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis

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11
Q

This is a virus that is under ARENA VIRUS which causes diseases like Hemorrhagic fever + influenza like

A

Lassa Virus

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12
Q

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Star shaped appearance in EM
▪️Account to 2-9% of pediatric gastroenteritis in the world

A

ASTROVIRUS

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13
Q

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Transmitted by mosquito, ticks and sandfly

A

BUNYAVIRUS

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14
Q

Type and Organ damage associated with Bunyavirus

▪️Phlebo virus - Rift Valley Fever Virus - Brain and Liver
▪️Orthobunya virus - LaCrosse & California Encephalitis – Brain
▪️Nairovirus - Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever - Vascular Endothelium and
Liver
▪️Hantavirus – rodent borne bunyavirus
Disease caused is known as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome(HFRS)

A

Just memorize this one

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15
Q

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️ Small (30 to 38) nm rounded nonenveloped that cause gastroenteritis to humans

A

CALICIVIRUS

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16
Q

This type of CALICIVIRUS that is associated with 80% of nonbacterial acute gastroenteritis in undeveloped countries
Due to ingestion of contaminated Shellfish and water

A

Norovirus / Norwalk Virus

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17
Q

This type of CALICIVIRUS which is cup shaped in EM that is also associated with gastroenteritis

A

Sapovirus

18
Q

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Pleomorphic, roughly spherical
▪️Extremely fragile and difficult to
culture
▪️Resemble Halo/Crown on external
surface of the virus

A

CORONAVIRUS

19
Q

▪️SARS-COV1: Acquired from civet cat that originated from Guangdong, China
▪️MERS-COV: Acquired from camel that originated in middle east
▪️SARS-COV2: Possibly acquired from pangolin that originated for Wuhan,China

SARS-COV2 DETECTION
▪️Direct: Microscopy / Viral nucleic acid
▪️Indirect: Serological Testing e.g. Antigen test

VARIANTS OF CONCERN
▪️Alpha – B117: United Kingdom
▪️Beta – B1351: South Africa
▪️Gamma P1: Brazil
▪️Delta B16172: India

A

Just memorize this one

20
Q

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Filo or threadlike due to long filamentous morphology in EM
▪️Most pathogenic of the hemorrhagic virus

A

FILOVIRUS

21
Q

This type of FILOVIRUS that has 25% fatality rate and acquired from emerging virus due to eating of African Green Monkey in Africa is called?

A

Marburg hemorrhagic fever virus

22
Q

This type of FILOVIRUS that has 80% fatality rate and acquired through direct contact with infected animal or human is called?

A

Ebola Virus

23
Q

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Derived from flavus which means Yellow – first type to be discovered is the Yellow Fever

A

FLAVIVIRUS

24
Q

A. Yellow Fever
Three Cycles
1. Sylvatic: Monkey population transmitted by mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti)
2. Urban: Human
3. Intermediate: Human
B. Dengue Virus
▪️Dengue vectors: Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus and Aedes polynesiansis.
▪️It has four serotypes (1 to 4)
▪️Major protein in dengue virus, called ‘E’ for envelope protein
C. St. Louis Encephalitis (SCE)
▪️Is transmitted by Culex mosquitoes and mostly in summer months
D. Zika virus
▪️Spread by daytime Aedes aegypti and Albopictus
▪️There is preliminary evidence, that Zika is a cause of Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults.
F. West Nile Virus
▪️Vector is Culex mosquitos
▪️Maintained in bird-mosquito cycle such as crows, ravens
G. Hepatitis C virus
▪️Not an arthropod – Parenteral transmission
▪️Is associated with chronic liver disease

A

Just memorize this one

25
Q

This type of RNA VIRUS;

• Previously under calicivirus
• High Case Fatality Rate in Pregnant Women (10-20%)

A

HEPEVIRUS

26
Q

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Pleomorphic single stranded with 8 segments.

Three Serotypes:
▪️A - naturally infects animals
▪️B, C - human

Transmitted through respiratory secretions

A

ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

27
Q

This is under ORTHOMYXOVIRUS

Influenza is further subdivided based on Hemagglutinin(HA) and neuraminidase(NA):
▪️Hemagglutinins are rod shaped spikes
▪️Neuraminidase are mushroom shaped spikes

Antigenic drift refers to alteration of Influenza HA and NA antigens

Antigenic shift occurs after having a completely new novel type ONLY H1 H2 H3 N1 N2 found in human population
▪️H1N1 - Spanish Flu
▪️H2N2 - Asian Flu
▪️H3N2 - Hongkong Flu
▪️H5N1 - Avian Flu

A

Just memorize this one

28
Q

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Do not have segments that’s why they don’t undergo antigenic shift

A

PARAMYXOVIRUS

29
Q

This is under PARAMYXOVIRUS;

A. Mumps or Rubulavirus
▪️Characterized by inflamed salivary gland accompanied by high temperature and fatigue;
B. Parainfluenza virus
▪️Second cause of pneumonia and bronchiolitis in children after RSV 4 serotypes
▪️Parainfluenza 1 is associated with croup (larygeotracheobronchitis)
▪️Parainfluenza 3 is severe and fatal associated
C. Respiratory Synctial Virus (RSV) or Pneumovirus
▪️Most significant cause of acute RTI in children under 5 years of age worldwide.
▪️Contains a surface F protein (Fusion)
▪️Leads to Giant Multinucleated Cells
D. Measles or Morbilivirus
▪️Highly contagious accompanied by maculopapular rash and fever
E. Metapneumovirus
▪️Associated with winter epidemics bronchiolitis and pneumonia which is common in children
F. Nipah virus
▪️Can cause encephalitis in human

A

Just memorize

30
Q

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Simplest of RNA viruses with highly structured capsid but limited surface elaboration
▪️Consists of 30% RNA and 70% Protein

A

PICORNAVIRUS

31
Q

This is under PICORNAVIRUS;

A. Enterovirus
▪️The most common cause of aseptic meningitis or inflammation of brain parenchyma.
◾️Primary MOT: Respiratory or gastrointestinal

Enteroviruses are subdivided into:
▪️Poliovirus (1-3):
Associated with Paralytic Poleomyelitis or Flaccid Paralysis
▪️Coxsackie A (1-23):
Associated with Herpangina or Severe Febrile Pharyngitis with small blisters in mouth
▪️Coxsackie B (1-6):
Associated with Epidemic Myalgia or Chronic Fatigue Syndrome; Pleurodynia or pain upon breathing; and Borneholm Disease
▪️Enterovirus (68-72):
▪️Echovirus (1-32):
Characterized by cough, rash, and influenza like syndrome
▪️Parechovirus (1-4):

B. Rhinovirus
▪️It is the major cause of Cold virus
▪️Resistant to detergents, lipid solvents, and temperature extremes but
sensitive to pH less than 6.

A

Just memorize

32
Q

This type of RNA VIRUS;

(Respiratory Enteric Orphan)

A

REOVIRUS

33
Q

This type of REOVIRUS which is the most common cause of Viral Gastroenteritis in infants and children worldwide

A

Rotavirus

34
Q

This type of REOVIRUS which is associated with Colorado tick fever and has 12 RNA segments.

A

Coltivirus

35
Q

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Requires RNA-dependent DNA polymerase

A

RETROVIRUS

36
Q

This is under RETROVIRUS;

A. Oncovirus
▪️HTLV-1, HTLV-2 and HTLV-5 are oncovirus but not cytolytic  HTLV-1 is known as T cell leukemia
▪️HTLV-2 is known as Hairy Cell Leukemia

B. Lentivirus
▪️HIV: It is the causative agent of AIDS
▪️HIV antigens are p24, gp41, gp120 and gp 160. ▪️Screening: ELISA
▪️Confirmatory: WB

HIV has 2 groups:
▪️HIV 1: Worldwide prevalence,
▪️HIV-2: West Africa
HIV -1 main groups are M,N and O whereas A-K are subgroup

A

Memorize

37
Q

This type of RNA VIRUS;

▪️Rabies is caused by several strains of viruses belonging to the genus Lyssavirus.

A

RHABDOVIRUS

38
Q

This type of RHABDOVIRUS;

▪️Bullet shaped appearance
▪️It is characterized by saliva frothing with painful spasm
▪️May lead to coma or death
▪️Associated with negri bodies in brain tissues of infected animals and
humans

A

Lyssavirus/ Rabies

39
Q

This type of RNA VIRUS;

This kind of virus which contains the genera Alphavirus, Rubivi- rus, and Arterivirus.

A

TOGAVIRUS

40
Q

This type of TOGAVIRUS is associated with equine encephalitis and transmitted by mosquitos, usually Aedes

A

Alphavirus

41
Q

This type of TOGAVIRUS is;

▪️Non arthropod type
▪️German measles or 3 day measles – may lead to congenital defect if pregnant women is infected

A

Rubella or Rubivirus

42
Q

This type of TOGAVIRUS is associated with myositis and arthritis which is transmitted by Aedes aegypti

A

Chikungunya virus

Virology MTAP (3 decks)

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