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MSPC233 > RNA Translation > Flashcards

RNA Translation Flashcards

1
Q

What makes Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase a special enzyme

A

2nd Enzyme to have its own editing function. !st is DNA polymerase

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2
Q

Ribosyme

A

RNA melecules that have enzyme activity

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3
Q

How many nucleotides code for 1 amino acids

A

3

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4
Q

How many combinations of nucleotides triplets are there

A

64

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5
Q

How many of the total triplet combination of nucleotides are stop codons

A

3

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6
Q

How many sense codons are there

A

61

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7
Q

Other name of stop codons

A

non sense codon

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8
Q

How many nucleotides are in a codon

A

3 nucleotides

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9
Q

What are the three nucleotides that make up the antisense codon

A

Uracil and Purine nucleotide

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10
Q

Which combination of Uracil and Purine nucleotides is not considered a stop codon

A

UGG(Tryptophan)

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11
Q

Which amino acids have only 1 codon that codes for it

A

Methionine and tryptophan

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12
Q

What provides the framework for the second statement of
the Central Dogma (RNA specifies Protein).

A

Translation

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13
Q

What do we need for protein synthesis?

A

1) Ribosome
2) Aminoacyl-tRNAs
3) mRNA
4) Soluble protein factors

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14
Q

Wgich soluble protein factors have GTPase activity

A

IF-2
EF-Tu and EF-G
RF-3

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15
Q

Why do some soluble protein factors have GTPase activity

A

In translation, they act as GTP fueled
motors to drive the process of protein
synthesis forward.

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16
Q

Usually Eukaryotic mRNA are polycistronic

A

False theyre monocistronic

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17
Q

‘What does it mean for Eukaryotic mRNA to be monocistronic

A

It means it codes for only 1 polypeptide

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18
Q

What is the start codon in Eukaryotic mRNA

A

AUG

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19
Q

What are some of the covalently modify nucleotides present in tRNA

A

Pseudouridine
Dihydrouridine

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20
Q

The first two nucleotide can vary without affecting the amino acids. true or false?

A

False, the first two nucleotides must always be constant, else would lead to mutation

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21
Q

Which position nucleotide in a codon can vary without affect the amino acid

A

The 3rd nucleotide

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22
Q

Give three characteristics of the Genetic Code:

A
  1. its a ribonucleotide “triplets”.
  2. its “degenerate
  3. its “universal”.
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23
Q

What does it mean for genetic code to be degenrate

A

Most amino acids are specified by more than 1 codon

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24
Q

What does it mean for genetic code to be universal
And whats its exception

A

It codes for the same amino acids in every organism
The only exceptionis in mitochondria

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25
Q
A

point mutation,

Silent mutation

mis sense mutations,

nonsense mutations,

read through mutations

Insertion or deletion mutations,

Splicing mutation

Chromosomal Abnormalities

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26
Q

Which amino acids have 6 genetic codes that specifies them

A

Agenine leucine Serine

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27
Q

What are the two parts of

A

Small Subunit
Large Subunit
30s 50s together 70s

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28
Q

Which tRNAs identify the first codon for methionine both in Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes

A

fMet-tRNA for bacteria
And Met-tRNA i for Eukaryotes

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29
Q

Initiatiation occurs at what part of the ribosome

A

Small subunit

30
Q

The peptidyl transferase reaction occurs in what subunit of the ribosome

A

50S subunit(Large subunit)

31
Q

What specific species of the 50s Subunit cata;yzes the peptidyl transferase reaction

A

The 23s species

32
Q

What are the 3 Ribosome binding sites

A

A site for Aminoacyl-tRNA
p for peptidyl-tRNA
E for exit

33
Q

Movement of ribosome one codon at a time

A

Translocation

34
Q

Aminoacyl-tRNA binding to A site

A

Elongation factor TU

35
Q

Translocation

A

Elongation factor G in prokaryotes

36
Q

All tNRA have what at the 3’ end

A

CCA

37
Q

About 20% of the bases in trna are covalently modified

A
38
Q

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthas

A

Adds the correct amino acid to the correct tRNA

39
Q

How is the anino acid attached tp trna

A

3’ and 2’

40
Q

Which position is prefered by the ribosome

A

3’end

41
Q

Two purposes of tRNA aminoacylation
(tRNA “charging”)

A

:
1)
Provides the amino acid with the
necessary “adaptor”
2)
Activates the carboxyl group for
peptide bond formation
There

42
Q

The ribosome is a ribozyme

A
43
Q

Terminates protein synthesis

A

puromycin

44
Q

Peptidyl transferase reaction is in the large subunit

A
45
Q

What locates the start codon methionine sometimes in prokaryotes

A

fMet-tRNA

46
Q

What locates the start codon methionine in eukaryotes

A

Met-tRNA

47
Q

In Prokaryotes

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

A

Rich in purine nucleic acids, Forms complementary base pair with the 3’ end of 16S base pair to help identify the start and also holds the mRNA in place

48
Q

Kozak Sequence

A

CCAUGG complementary CCAUGG

49
Q

Palindromic sequence

A

A dna squence which is equal to their complementary base pair

50
Q

Why are prokaryotes mRNA polycistronic

A

Because of the Shine-Dalgarno sequence

51
Q

In Prokaryotes

what is also known as the dissociating factor

A

Initiation factor 3

52
Q

In Prokaryotes

What does IF 3 do

A

Seperates the small subunit

53
Q

What role does IF-2 play in translation

A

It binds to the fmet-tRNA and positions it at the p-site

54
Q

Where does IF-1 bind during initiation in Translation

A

At the A site

55
Q

WHat causes the release of the initiation factors from the small sub unit of the ribosome

A

The gtpase of IF-2, converting GTP from GDP releasing the factor

56
Q

WHat is the order of binding by the initiation factors

A

IF 3 then IF 1 then IF2

57
Q

In Prokaryotes

What is the function of EF tu

A

binds aminoacyl tRNA to the A site

58
Q

In Prokaryotes

What is the function of EFts

A

replaces GDP with GTP on EFtu

59
Q

In Prokaryotes

What is the function of EF-G

A

Promotes translocation by GTPase

60
Q

In Prokaryotes

What is the Most abundant protein in bacteria

A

EF Tu

61
Q

What are the equivalents of the elongation factors in prokaryotes in Eukaryotes

A

eEF1a- EFTu
eEF1b-EFts
eEF2- EF-g

62
Q

Eukaryotic Translation initiation

A

1)
Binding of the
mRNA cap by the 40S
subunit+initiation
factors
2) Scanning of the
mRNA to search
for AUG
3) Binding of the
60S subunit

63
Q

Name one way by which gene expression is regulated during translation

A

By the binding of the 4E-BP( Binding Protein) which is a competitive inhibitor

Phosphorylation causes the release of the 4E-BP

64
Q

phosphorylation of eIF2

A

translation regulation, Phosphorylation blocks eIF
2B
catalyzed release of GDP

65
Q

40S subunit binds cap with eIF complex and then scans the mRNA until it finds the 1st AUG. Requires:

A

➤met-tRNA Met ➤ helicases (to unwind 2º structure in mRNA) ➤ ATP

66
Q

How many releasing factors are present in Eukaryotes

A

In Eukaryotes theres only one releasing factor that identifies all the stop codons

67
Q

3 termination codons

A

UAG recognized by RF
1 (36 kD)
UAA
UGA
recognized by RF 2 (38 kD )

68
Q

RF
3 releases bound RF 1 or 2;
(46 kD) requires GTP

A
69
Q

Translation immediately follows transcription in eukaryotes, Why?

A

Because theres no need to pre process the mRNA by splicing and capping

70
Q
A

MSPC233 (6 decks)

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