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7th Grade Science > RNA Transcription and Translation, and Mutations > Flashcards

RNA Transcription and Translation, and Mutations Flashcards

1
Q

Building blocks of proteins

A

amino acids

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2
Q

Unit of DNA that contains code for the creation of one protein

A

gene

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3
Q

Process of using a gene to make a gene product

A

gene expression

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4
Q

The process of making a protein

A

protein synthesis

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5
Q

Ribonucleic acid; single-stranded nucleic acid involved in protein synthesis

A

RNA

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6
Q

Messenger RNA; molecule that carries the instructions from the DNA to the rest of the cell

A

mRNA

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7
Q

Ribosomal RNA; one of the molecules that makes up ribosomes

A

rRNA

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8
Q

Transfer RNA; molecule that carries a specific amino acid to the ribosome to make protein

A

tRNA

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9
Q

Triplet (3) of bases in the mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

A

codon

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10
Q

Inherited unit of DNA that codes for one protein

A

gene

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11
Q

Model for others to copy

A

template

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12
Q

Process of constructing messenger RNA (mRNA) from DNA

A

transcription

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13
Q

Organelle responsible for making proteins

A

ribosome

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14
Q

One of three codons that does not code for an amino acid; it signifies the end of translation

A

stop codon

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15
Q

Process of reading the mRNA code in the ribosome to make a protein

A

translation

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16
Q

Change in the DNA sequence so that a base is deleted or added, causing the rest of the mRNA to be read incorrectly.

A

frameshift mutation

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17
Q

Chemicals in the environment that can cause a mutation

A

mutagens

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18
Q

A permanent change in the sequence of DNA.

A

mutation

19
Q

Change in DNA where a single molecule is substituted for another.

A

point mutation

20
Q

The process of DNA sending a message to the cytoplasm

A

transcription

21
Q

Where is DNA located?

A

nucleus

22
Q

Proteins are made on ___________________ in the cytoplasm

A

ribosomes

23
Q

Information in a gene is converted into ___________, which carries the information to the ribosome

A

mRNA

24
Q

In the nucleus, mRNA is created by using the _______________ in a gene as a template.

A

DNA

25
Q

The process of reading the code of a mRNA to make a protein is called _______________

A

translation

26
Q

Group of three nitrogen bases in RNA or DNA that is the genetic code word for a single amino acid or for a start or stop signal.

A

codons

27
Q

List two ways that RNA is similar to DNA.

A

Both are made in the nucleus.
Both are nucleic acids, made of nucleotides.

28
Q

Is it possible for different codons to code for the same amino acid?

A

yes

28
Q

What is the purpose of stop codons?

A

It signals that the assembly of amino acids is over because the protein is complete.

28
Q

What are the monomers (building blocks) of proteins?

A

amino acids

29
Q

Give two examples of mutagens.

A

tobacco smoke, radiation, x-rays

30
Q

What are three possible effects of a mutation on an organism?

A

Mutations may be harmful, helpful, or have no effect.

31
Q

What is the “word” of three letters that tRNA reads from the mRNA?

A

codons

32
Q

Codons are the codes for making specific _______________________ _________________.

A

amino acids

33
Q

Which type of mutation?
A change in the DNA sequence that causes the rest of the mRNA to be read incorrectly.

A

frameshift mutation

34
Q

Which type of mutation?
A change in a single nucleotide that may result in a frameshift mutation.

A

point mutation

35
Q

Which type of mutation?
A point mutation in which one base is added

A

insertion

36
Q

Which type of mutation?
A point mutation in which a single base is omitted

A

deletion

37
Q

Which type of mutation?
A chromosomal mutation that results when a segment of DNA is lost from the sequence.

A

deletion

38
Q

Which type of mutation?
A chromosomal mutation that results when two segments from different chromosomes change positions.

A

translocation

39
Q

Which type of mutation?
A chromosomal mutation in which a segment of DNA is flipped and attached to the same chromosome.

A

inversion

40
Q

Which type of mutation?
A chromosomal mutation in which DNA from one chromosome is added to another, unrelated chromosome

A

insertion

41
Q
A

7th Grade Science (9 decks)

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