Reproduction, Meiosis, and DNA Flashcards
The process of forming a new individual. It is one of the characteristics of living things.
reproduction
the process of forming a new individual from two parents
sexual reproduction
the process of forming a new individual from a single cell or parent
asexual reproduction
In ___________________________________, the egg is fertilized by the pollen of the same flower.
self-pollination
the egg and sperm cells in animals
gametes
Gametes are produced by _____________
meiosis
You need two gametes to form a ________________________.
zygote
first cell of the new organism in animals
zygote
During _________________________,sperm from the pollen of one flower fertilizes the egg of another flower
cross-pollination
How many chromosomes do humans have?
46
How many chromosomes do human gametes have?
23
Can plants produce sexually?
yes
What is the purpose of mitosis?
to produce body cells
What is the purpose of meiosis?
to produce gametes
the process during which chromosome number is halved in order to produce gametes
meiosis
the process during which the chromosome number is duplicated to produce body cells
mitosis
the shape of a DNA molecule
spiral staircase/ helix
having one set of chromosomes
haploid
having two sets of chromosomes
diploid
the first cell of a new organism
zygote
a reproductive cell, such as an egg or sperm
gametes
a pair that has the same size and shape and contains the same genes, but different forms of the genes; one came from the male parent and one came from the female parent
homologous chromosome
DNA wound around proteins: carries genetic information
chromosomes
the four molecules in DNA that complement each other and are linked by hydrogen bonds
(T,A) and (G, C)
one parent
asexual or sexual reproduction?
asexual
results in a zygote
asexual or sexual reproduction?
sexual
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Who won the Nobel prize for determining the structure of the DNA molecule?
James Watson, Francis Crick and Maurice Wilkins
What are the three main components of nucleotides?
sugar, nitrogen base, phosphate group
What specific sugar is contained in a molecule of DNA?
deoxyribose sugar
In the DNA molecule, what are the “sides” made of?
sugar and phosphate
In the DNA molecule, what are the “rungs” made of?
nitrogen bases
