RNA Transcription and Processing Flashcards
What are the components of a nucleotide?
phosphate, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogen base (C, G, A, T)
What is transcription?
The process by which RNA chains are made from DNA template strands
What is RNA made of/what does it stand for?
ribonucleic acid
What type of bonds are the bases in RNA connected by?
phosphodiester bonds like DNA
What’s different about RNA structure vs. DNA?
Antiparallel strands! One strand is in the 5’ to 3’ direction the other in the 3’ to 5’ direction
The two strands are of opposite polarity
What are the purine bases for RNA?
A or G
What are the pyrimidine bases for RNA?
U or C
What’s the major difference between DNA and RNA formation of base pairs?
DNA forms base pairs with adjacent strands of DNA
RNA forms base pairs with itself within the RNA molecule
What hybrid structure is critical to the process of transcription?
RNA forms a hybrid with DNA strand by way of base-pairing
What is rRNA?
Ribosomal RNA
The majority of RNA in the cells is this type
95% of all RNA
What are the 3 major species of rRNA?
28S, 18S and 5.8S
What is tRNA?
Transfer RNA that brings amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis
Structural RNA molecules which serve as adaptors for translating the information in the sequence of mRNAs into specific amion acids
There is at least 1 tRNA per amino acid
Has cloverleaf structure
Which RNA species is the most stable?
rRNA
Which is more stable tRNA or mRNA?
tRNA
What happens at the acceptor stem of the tRNA?
That’s where the amino acid attachment site is