Proteins , Amino Acids, and Structure Flashcards
What process starts with genes containing codons for amino acids and results in mRNA?
Transcription
What process starts with mRNA and results in Proteins?
Translation
What diagnostic test do they utilize in Avian Medicine?
Electrophoresis Patterns
Basically how does Electrophoresis work?
1) Take plasma proteins
2) experimentally change the pH
3) Apply electric current
4) See what moves and what doesn’t (no movement=no charge)
In electrophoresis what are the two BROAD protein fractions?
Albumin and Globulin
In electrophoresis what are the 3 subfractions of Globulin?
alpha, beta and gamma
When looking at an electrophoretigram name the peaks in order from left to right (excluding those we did not discuss of course)
Albumen, Alpha Globulin, Beta Globulin, Gamma Globulin
Why do they use Electrophoresis as a diagnostic tool in Aviane medicine?
Changes in proteins helps to diagnose diseases - they often use it as a complement to a CBC (complete blood count)
What do the peaks in Electrophoresis represent?
The concentration of that protein fraction in the blood plasma
Which proteins in electrophoresis are considered larger proteins that migrate the shortest distance?
Globulins
Which proteins in Electrophoresis are considered smaller proteins and migrate furthest?
Albumin
Changes in the levels of alpha globulins can indicate…
parisitism
Changes in beta globulins can indicate…
an inflammatory response
i.e. aspergillosis in great horned owls
What is the most important thing to notice about an Electrophoretigram?
the A/G ratio!
What’s significant about a peptide bond?
It can be a partial double bond structure
* not a single not a full double
It has more restricted rotation around carbonyl carbon to N bond
It’s planar!
It does not involve the amino acid side chains
What was significant about Dr. Dickerson’s Diet Coke story?
Diet coke has aspartame - which is a dipeptide made of aspartame and phenylalanine
It acts as a sweetener but if you rearrange things it no longer acts as a sweetener! It’s the formation of this peptide bond that makes it act like a sweetener!
What is an intrachain connection?
connection within the same chain
What is an interchain connection?
A connection between 2 different chains
How do you form a disulfide bridge?
oxidation of two cysteine molecules
How do they make insulin?
Proinsulin is processed - the C peptide is cleaved and you get the short insulin form
Which level of protein stucture has been the most important in developing insulin in the laboratory setting?
Primary structure
Where is insulin made and secreted in the body?
islet cells of the pancrease
What types of protein structures are considered secondary?
alpha helices and beta sheets
Because of it’s planar structure helices form in a rigid manor - which conformation is more stable? Right or Left?
Right
