RNA Transcription:

Question 1

What is Transcription?

Answer 1

It’s the synthesis of RNA using information in the DNA

-2 Nucleic Acids are wirtten in different forms of the same language, and the information is simply transcribed/ REWRITTEN from DNA to RNA

Question 2

Messenger RNA (mRNA):

Answer 2

• A type of RNA molecule

- It carries a genetic message from the DNA to the protein-synthesizing machinery of the cell..

Question 3

Transcription and Translation occurs:

Answer 3

In all organisms

-both bacteria and archea and eukaryotes as well

Question 4

Transcription occurs in the _________, and mRNA is then transported to the __________, where translation occurs.

Answer 4

• Nucleus

- Cytoplasm

Question 5

Translation is:

Answer 5

-the synthesis of a polypeptide using the information in the mRNA.

Question 6

During Translation the cell must:

Answer 6

-Translate the nucleotide sequence of an mRNA molecule into the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.

Question 7

The Site of translation are ___________.

Answer 7

Ribosomes which are complex particles that facillitate the orderly linking of amino acids into polypeptide chains.

Question 8

The transcription of a protein-coding gene results in ________, and further processing yields the finished ________.

Answer 8

• pre-mRNA

- mRNA

Question 9

The series of words in a gene is transcribed into a a complementary series of _______________, which is then translated into a _____________.

Answer 9

• non-overlapping, three nucleotide words

- chain of amino acids

Question 10

Introns are removed from pre-mRNA by:

Answer 10

RNA splicing

Question 11

The 3 stages of Transcription:

Answer 11

1-Initiation’
2-Elongation
3-termination of the RNA Chains

Question 12

What is a transcription start point?

Answer 12

-The nucleotide where RNA synthesis actually begins

Question 13

The mRNA molecule is ___________ to its DNA template because__________.

Answer 13

• Complementary
• RNA nucleotides (which contain Ribose) are assembled on the template according to base-pairing rules
• Also used for the DNA nucleotide triplets along the nontemplate strand.

Question 14

The mRNA nucleotide triplets are called_________ and are customarily written in the ____________.

Answer 14

Codons

5’ to 3’

Question 15

DNA nucleotide triplets along the nontemplate strand, codons are ________ to the template strand and _______ to the mRNA (except T instead of U).

Answer 15

• complementary

- Identical

Question 16

During translation the sequence of codons along an mRNA molecule is:

Answer 16

decoded, or translated, into a sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain

Question 17

Unlike DNA polymerases, RNA polymerases are able to:

Answer 17

start a chain from scratch; they don’t need a primer

Question 18

Molecular components of Transcription:

Answer 18

-Enzyme RNA polymerase pries the 2 strand of DNA apart & joins together RNA nucleotides complementary to the DNA template strand, elongating the RNA polynucleotide. Assembling in the 5’ to 3’ direction. The RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter, initiation transcription.

Question 19

The direction of transcription is

Answer 19

“downstream”

Question 20

RNA Polymerase II:

Answer 20

used for mRNA synthesis