RNA Synthesis

Question 1

transcription

Answer 1

the process of transferring genetic information from DNA to RNA

Question 2

RNA Polymerase I

Answer 2

located in the nucleolus, synthesizes 18S, 5.8S, and 28S ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 3

RNA Polymerase II

Answer 3

carries out the transcription of genes responsible for various cellular proteins (pre-mRNA)

Question 4

RNA Polymerase II

Answer 4

transcribes DNA that codes for small RNA, tRNA, and the 5S rRNA

Question 5

sensitivity of RNA polymerases to alpha-amanitin (most sensitive to least)

Answer 5

pol II -> pol III -> pol I

Question 6

rRNA transcription unit

Answer 6

transcribed as a single RNA chain, transcribes primary transcript for rRNA

Question 7

Transcription factors B and S

Answer 7

promote binding of RNA pol I

Question 8

snRNPs

Answer 8

small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, combine to form the spliceosome

Question 9

TFIIIA, TFIIIB, TFIIIC

Answer 9

Transcription factors for RNA polymerase III, A and C bind to DNA and recruit B

Question 10

promoter

Answer 10

region of DNA crucial to the accuracy and rate of transcription initiation, upstream of gene

Question 11

enhancer

Answer 11

sequence that can up-regulate transcription of genes, can be over long distances, any orientation, upstream or downstream

Question 12

TATA box

Answer 12

highly conserved region for binding of TBP to begin transcription

Question 13

TBP

Answer 13

TATA Binding Protein - binds to the TATA box to initiate transcription

Question 14

basal transcription factors

Answer 14

set of transcription factors required for the initiation of transcription

Question 15

activators

Answer 15

bind specifically to enhancers to help regulate transcription

Question 16

7 methylguanylate (m7G)

Answer 16

5’ cap added to the end of mRNA, help prevents degradation and is important for translation

Question 17

CPSF

Answer 17

cleavage and poly-adenylation specificity factor, recognizes AAUAAA sequence and recruits proteins for cleaving DNA for poly A tail

Question 18

Poly A polymerase

Answer 18

Adds A residues to the 3’ end of mRNA

Question 19

introns

Answer 19

RNA sequence that is spliced out during processing of mRNA

Question 20

exon

Answer 20

RNA sequence which will ultimately be spliced into functional mRNA

Question 21

splicesome

Answer 21

a highly organized structure that splices the mRNA, contain snRNPS

Question 22

alpha and beta thalassemia

Answer 22

disorder characterized by defective synthesis of hemoglobin chains, 25% of mutations are in sequences required for correct splicing

Question 23

alternative splicing

Answer 23

mRNA can be spliced differently depending on the location of the cell, example: IgM antibodies and alpha-tropomyosin

Question 24

Rifampicin

Answer 24

blocks initiation of bacterial RNA synthesis

Question 25

Actinomycin D

Answer 25

binds to double-helical DNA and prevents if from being used as template for RNA synthesis