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Biochemistry > 1. Genetic Material > Flashcards

1. Genetic Material Flashcards

1
Q

Purines

A

Adenine or guanine, double ringed nitrogenous bases

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2
Q

Pyrimidines

A

Cytosine or Thymine, single ringed nitrogenous bases

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3
Q

Nucleotide (components)

A

nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, phosphate group

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4
Q

Nucleoside (components)

A

Nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, linked by phosphodiester bond

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5
Q

positively supercoilied

A

twists in DNA that are introduced in the same direction as the winding of the double helix

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6
Q

Negatively supercoiled

A

twists in DNA that are introduced in the opposite direction as the winding of the double helix

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7
Q

topoisomerase

A

an enzyme that catalyzes the relaxing of supercoiled DNA

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8
Q

Topo 1 (action)

A

cleaves one strand

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9
Q

Topo 2 (action)

A

cleaves two strands

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10
Q

camptothecin

A

anti-cancer drug that inactivates Topo 1

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11
Q

m-AMSA

A

anti-cancer drug that inhibits Topo 2

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12
Q

Doxorubicin

A

anti-cancer drug that inhibits Topo 2 by an indirect mechanism

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13
Q

Z-DNA

A

left handed DNA, not present in vivo

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14
Q

DNA bending

A

common with adenine repeats, useful for connecting distant pieces of DNA

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15
Q

Beta-globin Gene Cluster

A

an example of a gene family group, located on chromosome 11

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16
Q

examples of junk DNA

A

SINES, LINES, Proviruses, psuedogenes, satellites

17
Q

pseudogenes

A

sequences that are very closely related to functional genes but no longer code for gene products

18
Q

Processed pseudogenes

A

DNA copies of RNA transcripts that are inserted back into an organisms genome by reverse transcription

19
Q

proviruses

A

DNA copies of retroviruses inserted into a genome by reverse transcription

20
Q

transposable elements

A

SINES and LINES, sequences capable of inserting copies of themselves into new genomic locations

21
Q

SINEs

A

small, interspersed repeat elements, example: ALU sequence

22
Q

LINEs

A

long, interspersed repeat elements, at least 50 nucleotides, the full sequence encodes a reverse transcriptase

23
Q

microsatellites

A

short nucleotide repeats, repeats are highly polymorphic

24
Q

minisatellites

A

SSRs with longer sequence repeats

25
Q

SSRs

A

simple sequence repeats, for example micro and minisatellites

26
Q

polymorphism

A

any site in the genome where there is variation if it is common

27
Q

satellite sequences

A

highly repetitive short DNA sequences, usually at centromeres or telomeres

28
Q

telomeres

A

at the end of human chromosomes, repeating sequence of TTAGGG

Biochemistry (9 decks)

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