RNA + PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

Question 1

Where do we find RNA

Answer 1

in the nucleus and cytoplasm
As w DNA forms part of the ribosomes

Question 2

What is the structure ofRNA

Answer 2

a single strand - polymer with nucleotides as monomers

Question 3

What are the 4 different nitrogenous based in RNA

Answer 3

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Uracil(replaces thymine)

Question 4

What are the 3 types of RNA

Answer 4

-mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic code from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
-tRNA (transfer RNA) looks like a hairpin + has three exposed bases called the anticodon. It picks up the AA in cytoplasm and takes to ribosomes where protein synthesis occurs
-rRNA (ribosomal RNA) single strand and plays a role in control of protein synthesis

Question 5

Name 3 differences between DNA and RNA (table form)

Answer 5

Double helix. | Single strand
Sugar is deoxyribose |. Sugar is ribose
ATCG. |. AUCG

Question 6

What are the 2 main steps of protein synthesis

Answer 6

• transcription of DNA
• translation of RNA or proteins

Question 7

What is protein synthesis

Answer 7

Process whereby proteins are manufactured in living cells

Question 8

What is transcription

Answer 8

DNA never leaves the nucleus and protein synthesis occurs at ribosomes but a code for the synthesis must be transferred from DNA to mRNA which is able to leave the nucleus - the process of mRNA obtaining the code for protein synthesis from DNA is transcription

Question 9

What is the process of transcription

Answer 9

• strands of DNA unzip
• enzyme RNA polymerase controls the transfer of the code from DNA to RNA and causes the weak hydrogen bonds to break
• free floating RNA nucleotides in the nucleoplasm bind with the free bases to form complementary mRNA
• each group of 3 nitrogenous bases on mRNA is a codon which codes for a particular AA
• the base triplet of mRNA will be complement to DNA (GGU was CCA)
• as the mRNA forms it moves away from DNA strand
• mRNA strand leaves the nucleus via pored in the nuclear membrane and taken to ribosomes

Question 10

What is the process of translation

Answer 10

• the mRNA strand that was formed attaches to the ribosomes
• mRNA now provides a code for the linking of AA to form a specific protein.
• tRNA occurs in the cytoplasm and it picks up AA (bc of its anti codon (3 exposed bases) in cytoplasm and brings them to ribosomes
• the anticodon determines which AA will bind to tRNA
• a specific tRNA brings the AA for which it is coded, to the mRNA template (these are complementary)
  -AA join in a chain - polypeptide
• once chain is formed the tRNA breaks the bind with AA and moves away from the ribosome
• the tRNA is now ready to pick up another AA of the same type
• this process proceeds until 50 or more AA join and a protein is formed